Ultra High Throughput: The Next Era of Rollups - TOKEN2049 Singapore 2023

thanks everyone uh thanks for coming uh all right I'm going to talk about ultra high throughputs and I only call it that because it's value HD and I uh it's it's fun but uh we're going to talk about Roll-Ups and we're going to talk about scaling tesos and uh I think you've all heard about scalability we're in an industry where people talk a lot people have talked about scaling blockchains I've heard about this for for about 10 years and people talk about it it doesn't really happen and so we did something a bit crazy uh we're actually making it happen so let me remind you a little bit about Tesla's in a nutshell this is a project that started in 2014 launched in 2018. it was born with proof of stake it was the first major smart contract platform launching this proof of stake and you can make incentive we are a Pioneer in proof of stake we're Pioneer in governance but what has guided us through all these years have been decentralization um it's a big decentralized Network there's many teams who contribute to uh the code base of tesos security the chain has been live it doesn't has it doesn't go through outages it has been stable uh for now um five years and upgradability through decentralized governance this does not upgrade by some dictator's decision or the idea that oh you have to install this hard Fork you know follow everyone no it it proceeds by votes everyone can be involved uh in the governance of tesos so it's a really decentralized network but it's not just about governance it's about innovation so rapid Evolution easy Edge for tezos if you want to think about tesos yes tejos is the layer one tezos is a place where you will see most of the uh generative Arts nfts but it's also a rapidly evolving blockchain so it's upgraded progressively over the past five years with 14 upgrades uh all of them involving a vote of the community it has a streamline and time-tested onshine mechanism for upgrading a single implementation which keeps things simple and which lets us go really fast and a lot of teams is not just a single team working on this it's many teams throughout the world collaborating uh to build titles and make it the best platform there is so what's important is adapting um Aztec improves and as the world change and this was the founding idea behind tezos you know um it was 2014 I was looking at everything that was happening in this space we had uh smart contracts being developed proof of stake was being uh looked at zero knowledge solution privacy and how could you design a blockchain that would standard test of time they would have the ability to continuously get uh benefit from that and and scaling is one of those recent things that has basically finally been solved so what have we achieved we hard swiped the consensus algorithm um this was last uh uh two years ago actually we had a uh moved from a consensus algorithm that was not a semi-synchronous safe to what it was what did it do in practice you know why do we care well it's leading us reduce the block time data started very conservatively uh with a block time of 60 seconds and now 15 seconds and it's been halving and going down and down uh smart Roll-Ups so we're Pioneer of Roll-Ups in the diesel secret system now you've heard of Roll-Ups you've maybe have heard of optimism arbitrumps or Roll-Ups are very hot now a lot of people are building those uh what we did is we actually implemented Roll-Ups so the roll up centers have fraud proofs they're secure they're not backed by your multi-six they're really decentralized roll-up uh we're doing a very silly thing which is we're actually implementing the technology that other people are talking about and pretending to run adaptive issuance uh changing the staking economics of the chain and the debt have ability layer so essentially the way that uh that Teslas can scale is by moving a lot of the activity that is happening on the chain of the chain so it can mean having your computation happen off chain in a roll up it can mean that your data instead of being stored on the blockchain can be stored shared across all of the valid editors so these are Technologies which are real which are actually shipping now uh in the Tesla's Network but why are we doing all this fundamentally right well at the end of the day this is an application is an application platform um it also Powers a cryptocurrency but what do people want as an application platform well they want performance and by that I mean they want a platform to be stable they want the platform to work and also they want to have you know uh they don't have they won't they don't want to pay 30 or eight dollars even for a transaction they want to be able to do millions of transaction and pay pennies for those they want composability they want an ecosystem where contracts can talk to each other um can interact and that's the beauty of this you know why build on why build on blockchains and why not build on database well in some cases you do that because you really need that sensory resistance you have this very subversive use case but in many cases you just want to be part of an ecosystem you want to be able to interact with the different contracts with an entire ecosystem decentralization that's um to keep it robust interoperability very important you want to be able to use many different languages you want to work with the code that you already have and fundamentally a good developer experience as a developer uh you know I'm a developer myself I don't want to be wasting time having to go through a lot of dark understanding something very complicated or taking the risk of writing a catastrophic bugs in my code so I want a good developer experience so we'll we'll get to how we can do that so first skill execution now the first thing we did and that happens with smart rollups so smart rollups is the name of a role of synthesos they are not uh they are not some some solution built by a company external to the protocol they're an integral part of the protocol so the Simplicity for a developer of the test ecosystem is that it's all integrated you have a vertical integration between the layer one the layer two the data availability layer and you don't need 20 different tokens that you have to buy from a VC to do that you do it directly on tesos so we've built that and we're scaling execution with rollups and in particular with the launch of a evm compatible roll up called Easy Link now once you've scaled execution you want to scale bandwidths how do you do that well you can have data availability committee there are groups of people who can keep the data off the chain that's that's not a bad solution there's a lot of use cases where that's actually a good choice but it's not it's not the most decentralized solution if you want the most decentralized solution we're building a data availability layer now that's a technical term and in fact that availability is not a really good name for it uh some people have heard of it in the acrm world they call it dank sharding which is a funny net term but basically the idea is you don't want validators to have to store all of the data you want to be able to share this data across the network and that's what we're enabling with data availability layers now others are people talking about it and they're talking about it for years we're actually shipping it and you can actually try try already on the test net is the library layers interoperability sorry so one of the buildings was develop well Migos and Roll-Ups Mickelson is the VM of tesos it has a lot of advantages for the security of smart contracts but a lot of people they don't necessarily want to develop their smart contracts they want to reuse some libraries they've seen a contract they really like from solidity they want to remix that together so evm Roll-Ups for people coming from the ethereum world who want the ability to run on tesos but that's you know Michelson evm at the end of the day those blockchain languages are fairly small communities of developers we want to be able to work with rust with go with C plus plus so you can use those languages in order to build roll up some datas and build customize application now Elder's killing the way it's often presented sounds like fragmentation it's like okay you're going to be scaling but I don't want to be on one roll up and you're another roll-up and and they have to communicate that's slow that's cumbersome um you want an integrated system so how do we do that and so the idea behind and this is a this is a terrible this is very very clear you know very clever marketing Tesla's 2.0 uh no one has done no one has thought of that before but uh this is where we're going and this is how you can get scalability and composability at the same time The Best of Both Worlds so where it is going so ultra high throughputs and really uh sometimes when people think about super they think about speed it's like what's your speed a million transaction per second we actually did a demonstration uh a few months ago at the test Dev conference with a million transactions per second like for real happening um but this is really about cost fundamentally if you're a business and you have millions of users you're not even considering going on blockchain and I think we haven't seen a lot of applications that could happen because of scaling you know we're still in Industry which after 10 years is still in search of product Market fits why is it that with all the brain power with all the talent in the space they're still so very little that has been built on blockchain and I think one of the answer to that is scaling because not many people want to build an application that's only usable by a few thousand people or that's only usable when the blockchain isn't down so authorized throughput is about cost it's about being able to have many people use a chain low latency you don't want to wait for your transaction you want it to be included as soon as possible interoperability you want to be using the program that you're used to uh and composability you don't want to be stuck on an app chain you don't want to be I have to run your own infrastructure you want to be able to just deploy and interact with the rest of the entire ecosystem and that's the idea behind this uht roll up so it's one big roll up that supports many languages so be it our evm for solidity make USM for security rust go C plus plus we can cover a lot of languages through this but also provide really high really really high throughput so that you can build really internet scale application but do it at a very low cost so where does that go further down the line further down the line um it's addings this datability layer and separating the execution on the on this on this roll up from the availability but in order of development you know this is a this is a project like right now on teslos you can deploy smart rollups this year she is going to take a little while I think it's going to be probably in the next year or two that uh we'll see this type of application but progressively we're going to start with interoperability because that's the most important thing um we have uh communities of developers in the world working on blockchain which number in the thousands whereas traditional languages have communities at numbers in terms of millions so program smart contracts in mainstream programming languages through virtualization that means bison the jvm for Java go JavaScript typescript C plus plus if you cover that and Dot net you cover 50 of the developers in the world based by GitHub numbers that's a far larger number than solidity anyone who tells you oh solidity has won it's a language of blockchains that's ridiculous it's tiny the community around this is around mainstream programming languages is massively massively larger integrating blockchain into existing web applications should be as easy as importing an npm library and that's what we're shooting for here before scale before throughputs really interoperability now how do we achieve that because you might think well Roll-Ups the whole point of role for scaling is you run them in parallel you know if you're running into uh into one machine and what's what's the point where you're saving well if you have one roll up the trust Assumption of ropes are way better than the one you have for just traditional L1 blockchain in an L1 blockchain you depend on on an honest majority for your security assumption with a roll-up you only need one honest and life party and that changes everything because now that you only need one party you don't have to have low higher requirement to be decentralized you can have very high Hardware requirements if you want to secure the roll up but then have the rest of the chain and the rest of the consensus be extremely decentralized so the performance targets is 1 million TPS I told you we already demonstrated 1 million TPS a few months ago that was in parallel across many Roll-Ups but in this case we're targeting 1 million TPS on a single machine so we're building on a cell information here this is not a whole new project a lot of the hard parts of building a blockchain exists in tesos there's a consensus algorithm that's worked that's been stable for years now there's a Shale there's a system for i o there's data availability that's coming there's a strong community and ecosystem which is the most important so developers can build on Smart rollups now you can do that today we have wasm rollup and they're supported and they're maintained and you don't need anyone's permission the code is MIT you can build your role up you can use rust you can use go you can use many languages and it actually works compared to um I don't know of any other roller framework now today that you can use that works as decentralized there's no breaking changes the whole point is to bring backwards compatibility the tesos is about Evolution not Revolution now it's revolutionary in a world of blockchains I would say that but the evolution the fourth you know the 14 upgrades would have over five years they don't disrupt applications applications keep running and that's the beauty of it because your application on tesos is future proof why because cesus will keep upgrading so you don't have to worry oh I picked tezos you know but is it going to be competitive you know a year from now five years from now yes not only has it been in the Forefront it has an ability to keep at the Forefront so what we're looking to look forward to no discontinuity a migration possibility of states to cl2 so more performance more languages more interoperability and I think with this uht rollup we can have it all thank you so much for uh coming and thank you so much for attending