Swarm Summer School ‘21, Day 3: Viktor Trón - From blockchain to peer-to-peer internet

and uh then for now i'd like to welcome uh our uh um the the well i must say the uh the face of form if i may say so uh victor i'd like to give you the floor thank you so hello hello everyone and welcome to this summer sport day three i will talk about uh the swarming in a kind of from from the perspective of technology in the in the context of of a bit broader term uh and a little bit longer term vision and and talk a little bit about about why why i think that swami is not just another dap or just another coin so to say only on the ethereum blockchain why i think that that this is a major major game changer and now in the in the in the view of the fact that that we launched on on mainnet and and we have a operating operating uh network with between rear bus tokens and and the incentives proper i will kind of focus on on giving you a feel bit of a sense of journal and bit of fear how how the swarm as a platform might look like in the future and what's in store in terms of the the product on that and the features that aren't coming so in general the the the overarching line of the talk will be to walk you through the this this misconception that the swamp is is not only not only a project that that uses ethereum but in fact swarm should be considered to to extend the ethereum blockchain into a fully fledged computational environment which uh is is realizing the much committed concept of the word computer and serves as the operating system of the decentralized internet and and therefore it's it's a genuine next step in the evolution of of decentralized projects and then i would like to to approach this from from various english first of all to to to clarify again the vision of swan and put it in the historical context of this word computer then we talk a bit about how i see how i see the the swarm as the is the major ingredient in in allowing and facilitating decentralized the decentralized world in particular how i i think of swarms infrastructure as being the so-called narrow waste i also would like to introduce a kind of a tentative uh paradigm that i call open resource which is you know in some sense a continuation of the open source movement and and like liken the the impact and potential projects to the open source event in some ways and then and introduce you to the idea how open resource is a major step towards the fully agile application development and talk a little about the other the primitives and the incentives which make someone also stand out and and also related to these these these ideas uh to to do the rolling map and now i see the the your system uh we adapt as we as we develop more and more features and more and more applications on top of so on uh in particular i would argue that that's this one provides just the right tips just the right atomic ingredients which are simple and as well as flexible enough to to provide the base layer infrastructure to build decentralized applications and and realize that the decentralized worldwide experience so this is this that plan today so let me let me start with with a basic motto which is uh to be the future-proof baseline infrastructure for global social and digital society as as you see from this this is this is this is an ambition that has quite a leader of social ambition in it and of course by no means do i want to show hubris in saying that swarming itself realizes all of this however it can be a major building block uh in particular in in providing the the the the technological layer and and busy digital infrastructure for for for of course services that can that can help and and realize and empower citizens of the of the self-sovereign digital society uh in particular uh the the the adjective future proof here means that that the the platform should be resilient against all kinds of uh potential single points of failure uh and future proof means that the the access to bacteria this is a is a controlled by their sovereign solar owners and uh no no uh middleman or or gatekeeper is needed in order to to publicly share and and access information in particular i would like to to to emphasize that and what what this future-proofing structure implies with with four eyes five five eyes on the future so to say uh from mnemonics uh i it's these features i i so the infrastructure aspect basically implies that we appear to be platform that empowers the citizens of the office of service society by enhancing their productivity provide the provisioning environment not for their for their digital applications and provides kind of bargains into this this global platform it has to be inclusive inclusivity means that that it's it's it's the participation in the in the network it's permissionless and it provides public public access and then potentially global global reach it provides integrity which means all aspects of cryptographically protected integrity so there's no more no more hacking of websites because of content just storage the content addressing what what the owners of of a particular site or piece of information mean that their users to see the users can can proven and verify that exactly what they what they see so there's no more possibility of replacing a website just by hacking into the server because because the integrity is protected by the content addresses is also an important part of this offering and and heavy emphasis on privacy features mainly uh private browsing and and untraceable communication uh incentivization is very important in this regard it's a very important ingredient of the future-proof nature of this project because in order to have economic sustainability of such a network it's it's imperative to line it's it's imperative to like it's it's it's imperative to align uh the motive motivation between the participant of the network and the platform itself one second i will share the screen i think actually my slides can you see the screen i guess okay so i'm talking about five eyes on the future uh i i talked about infrastructure inclusivity integrity and incentivization and the last one is impartial yeah i think it's super important that that the basic infrastructure platform will be including pasha in in the sense that that that it doesn't discriminate between various types of content and in and and remains very neutral so it it its content as by its only and and doesn't uh express any any particular preference or or does not provide any direct control over policing policing content and and in fact allows individuals to to to express their their their freedom of speech and feel of view through the platform this is this is very important because any kind of uh speciality built in the system is likely to provide like likely improve a bottleneck and then later stifles in innovation and creativity and and freedom of of ultimately economic development to to restrictions of various sorts uh so impartial this is one of our one of our core values so in terms of the state of the project uh after a series of of uh events starting with the with the event uh uh introducing the the publication of the first version of the book of swan which describes the technology and the motivation behind the the project after this series of events and finally led to the to the main launch of the swarm network in in june this year and this marks a very important milestone in the lifetime project namely [Music] development in the past few years and that that actually was to the final release of the mainnet client and then this one network starting with with the released bus tokens after that after the after the talkers here this this this important milestone is is uh is is is makes a whole lot of difference in in in the way we talk about it's finally we kind of laid down the foundations and and the the the the atomic ingredients of of the of the network are finally working and we can we can the the good work of realizing what is fancy for the products that we have we've been dreaming of in the past years and finally started and then and the ecosystem can start to build up and this is this is the kind of uh direction that i would like to finally talk to you about my my my essay this this is this is important and what's the what's the the the most the economic viability and the historical importance of this so the swamp is ultimately uh provide the uh the the the remaining ingredients that you need to realize the worst computer if you if you think of the the the ethereum blockchain as the as the cpu or the central processing unit of the of the of the global computer then you can think of swarm is basically the realization of the hard disk of this computer it provides the the storage the the data this storage uh persistence there as well as provides the communication the component between between uh between the the different network loads and uh what's what what keeps this system uh alive and economically assessed self-sustaining the network is is the incentives which basically incentivizes the optimal allocation of the computational resources which in particular bandwidth and so basically really messages you you share bandwidth as the node participating in the network and also you can you can see the computation and most importantly was for storage and disk space and uh to to optimally allocate these these features we need economic incentives for to align the the motifs of the participant and make sure that ultimately the the individual clients the participants of behavior are such that that on the level of the network the behavior emerges which expresses the the features that you want the platform to to the thing so so the individual clients rational uh self-interest uh ultimately gives rise to the global good and the to the network level uh behavior of so on as a as a cloud service itself uh the this is exactly the the theory vision that uh that perceives of this of this global uh computational resource as a as a as a word computer and in the in in the in the same way as as as you would think that the desktop applications uh operating system on on a desktop computer is is is so there's an underlying os that's that supports all the applications that the thing running on the battlefield in similar way you can perceive on this worst computer as being the is providing the operating system that runs with all the applications and uh services as the as the operating system of development in a way a secular back end for for for rap3 of the decentralized internet and this this is kind of the final stage but not find about the next stage in the version of the internet because as as as you as you remember in the in the in the days of uh web web one the the decentralization was kind of more more pronounced that that lately in in the face of web 2 this is basically because because as as the as the underlying infrastructure to run web applications namely the the host of wireless servers servers that run today's web applications uh as they needed to scale in terms of the the the the computational and and storage resources that we provide and they need to scale all the particular companies that that that had had the scalable infrastructure could and could be used and and therefore content content providers were at the mercy of of these these companies and and in the process of providing often free access to their services and providing scalable infrastructure for for the for the web applications uh they they often the the content providers often fail victim that to the restrictions coming from the fact that that that these these platforms and and then infrastructure providers often owned on their content and web 3 is is is a in that basically changing changing this situation for the better and give back to the sovereignty to the to the context of producers and provide the providers scalable infrastructure that is decentralized and but at the mercy of any one particular company and and therefore more resilient to either human human error or technological force or or any kind of jurisdiction or political or economic pressure that a company might be exposed to and and this is again a very important feature to provide the resilience that the future future-proof infrastructure needs so so once again the the swarm swarm is this is uh decentralized application can and use as as as there as their base and and the platform provides the the appropriate apis where these this is these applications now uh in a way it's it's it's it's important now maybe to to to address this this idea of narrow waste so why why i think that's that's the swarm is is it makes it makes a big difference and has a lot of potential so i would not be the first to liken such an infrastructure to tcp uh of networking so tcp is is a protocol that that uh scaled extremely well and and has been used for since the foreign is relevant in computation and the the reason it might have indicated uh against against a few more feature-rich competitors is exactly its simplicity yet uh apparent uh completeness and and it's it's it's it's it's similar to what we aim at it was also impartial as to what application uses it on on above so to say and uh what what technology implements it on on the network uh hardware level uh below and and this this this exactly this double cone structure is the leanness of this interface is what what is often referred to as narrow waste and having a narrow waste is is uh is a provides a huge photo for for uh for a explosive evolution of applications exactly because because it's uh it's uh it can be uh resilient and and time the passage of time and and and remain a standard uh despite the fact that the technologies that it that it is based on changing and and the requirements and and the multitude of applications that build on it also change so in the same sense like i can think of small as providing this this api that's on the on the one hand below so so underneath it's it's it's it's basically quite neutral to what clients uh implement the implement the swan protocol and the the incentives also provide uh certainty or reassurance that that the strategies that certain clients uh follow the first two they they uh they are in alignment with the with the goal of the network this is basically because because it's simply it's basically costly it's costly and and therefore this incentivized for the individual notes to to to diverse from the from the healing strategy that that defines the right behavior um so so and on the one hand as i said it's really important to do to the client implementations that we've heard and and uh above it's also in a very neutral to what applications we have done it because it just defines uh basic infrastructure like storing blocks of data messaging between between nodes in a network and and these these these primitives uh it was incentivized and they are they are new to to to content to make sure to all kinds of use usage patterns so anyway i would argue that that in this sense this message has a huge potential to serve as lazy basically an infrastructure for for for for the next uh kind of cambrian period of extraordinary in in the in the realm of of decentralized applications because it has it has the the right primitives it has a simple relatively simple base layer api and and at the same time it's flexible enough to express uh quite a great deal of super important features i will i will demonstrate it and and exemplify this in in in a bit when i enlist miss the potential projects that that can deal with after that and on their own map for us so once more the swamis is again can be seen as as a narrow waste protocol that enables uh quite quite uh inefficient and quite synergistic uh application development on top and and and therefore zip is a very productive platform uh what what i would like to also mention is a is the is the is the is the fact that that this one also can can be seen as facilitating the open resource paradigm what what does that mean it means that uh let's let's let's let's start from comparing it to the to the open source so what the movement of open source was as again um interestingly we can we can think of open sources as one of the ultimate applications of networking so it leads to to this example of tcp because it it it leverages networking to to aid and facilitate the the social collaboration of developers and uh open source uh we basically allowed uh projects to tap into a global resource of a community of developers and by opening up the the source code it it allowed the massive improvement in in the security stability and then features of various applications and and the open source movement is is economically super important because it it it also transfers some of the development cost to to to users and and interested and then inherently or organically interested contributors who wanted to contribute to the project it is facilitated this is this transfer of of course and and in a way the open source partially eliminates the the kind of costly uh recruitment and and and human resources cycle uh of of of quite a lot of that that is quite burdensome on projects that network who source uh applications and uh what's what's important here is is that uh in similar way uh we can talk about the open resource that an infrastructure that can that can run adapt in a you know in an infinitely scalable fashion so irrespective of its of its data resource requirements or computational requirements at the end of the day it's if you have a public and a global infrastructure to to to to pull these resources and provide the the execution environment for for scalable depths then then basically similar to the rule of resource cleavage is a global computational resource pool and and and it has the potential to improve the testability or the scale the the deployment of applications and ultimately eliminate part of the switching cost between applications which also which which all contribute to bringing down the price and and and the barrier of entry to innovative uh applications and ultimately uh it also has a transfer of cost effect similar to the open source it's also the transfer the cost from from the deaf creators to to the to the to the users because uh resources are are paid for in the burden of paying for resources is shifted to the users and and is realized on demand as as and when it happens and this this cost of transfers basically you know to put it in another way it it can save uh innovative startups from from having to uh set up funding for for for the for deployment needs to set up a whole infrastructure team to manage their their computational resources and scale them and do it with the prognosis that is that is prone to the prediction errors and and therefore uh there's a huge cost associated with that so basically the upfront uh investment is is a lot of fun investment is saved and therefore the economic cycle of innovation becomes much much more agile and and this this this also this has a has a lot of potential for for rapid rapid growth in this field so i would even say that open resources kind of eliminates also the fact that you have public infrastructure to to to to deploy an app it can eliminate the last button likely in agile and and user adaptive evolutionary development of applications because because so far within open source you can you can change the code you can test the code you can [Music] fork on github and make your own version but so far there has been a battle lucky in deploying uh applications that's here because in the in the server client in the architecture the the server the operator needs to pay for for the resources which ultimately they can they can get from the users but only within directions in in a platform like so that that provides a an execution environment for that that it was the depth then it provides the the the the deployment environment is basically the same as the as the hosting environment and and the cost of using it is directly burdened on demand on the user and therefore this this this indirect uh uh monetization is no longer needed and this is short circuiting of the of the uh this this atomic development cycle there's a lot of uh resources that that can be saved so if open source can be characterized as fork for qr code or github swarm can be or open resource can be characterized as for your absolute swarm and and then basically run run the the changed uh fourth steps and potentially uh have very agile deployment cycle as well not not just development cycle uh in in this sense uh maybe i i could illustrate it with the with the saying that this one makes the the cloud its version control or if you if you think about it as if it helps you with brands then basically it marries aws with github in some in some abstract sense uh uh once again also a little bit into into uh explaining the the the pillars of of resilience in swamp because uh apart of us and the from the from the economic potential so it's also incredibly important how but what technologies contribute to the to the to the to the future proof less of of of particular in particular storage of in this one i will i will not go into into too much detail here i just want to kind of in this few features some of them already exist and some of them are in active development and some of them are only in research stage this is these uh these ingredients that will contribute to resilience of storage and basically robustness of the behavior of the content uh access so so there's this it says various pillars first of all there's there's looper replication and so on so uh neighborhoods that that hold uh particular chunks of content uh locally replicate replicate these chunks and they're incentivized to do so and by local replication we can uh provide basic resilience against the north churn so if nodes go offline then still in this in the same neighborhood the same content is found we also have provide uh kind of a different kind of replication it's not uh by by instance replicating the the child instances in the neighborhood but in a way a client-side error coding scoring ratio coding and by ratio coding you can basically uh sacrifice some some storage overhead for for resilience or for preconstructive content and visual coding basically allows us to to guard against intermittent arbitrary network failures and because because uh out of out of say 130 chunks every 100 each 100 any choice of 100 chunks is is is sufficient to reconstruct the content salvation coding works and therefore this can ultimately provide uh assurance that that it's not really important the the wow how the the last the worst performing uh x percent of the of the chunk retrievers can be made irrelevant and therefore what what the erasure provides is ultimately a an upper bound one on the on the on the on the latency of chunk retrievers and therefore it's it's a very strong versus feature it's it's coming coming soon this one uh well global pinning is is not an important feature it's basically poor man's resilience it's it's it's a feature that ultimately turns the somewhat different disc storage paradigm underlying form into something that closely resembles the the architecture of some of the swamps contenders in particular ipfs and b tolerant which are based on on uh using this using the distributed hash tables like basically so like retrieve the protocol to to figure out the location and the nodes where certain content is found global pinning is is also a picture that that makes swan fall back to such a such a solution basically what what it means is that you as a as a as a as a steward of some data so if you if you if you're running adapt then you basically do quantum stewardship for that for that and if you allow your note to be to be a fallback recovery uh load then uh then through global pinning this feature if the network in the standard network network location is missing your content because it's deleted or because because it's uh it is it has never been properly monetized and therefore deleted because because of its uh insufficient value then then you you know to be to be cleared for for this content and therefore you you are you're gonna be uh automatically reconstructing this content and make it available for the network once again so it's kind of a fallback solution for for for for uh persistence uh however the most important future of swamp of course is there is the genuine incentives for network uh proper network storage so story installing the chunks that belong to a certain neighborhood and this is done by the postage stamp pattern uh which i i believe that this has been discussed in in the talk but uh the most importantly the features is is it can be likened to a to a prepaid balance to to to charge rent for for your for for your storage and for the chunks so basically uploaders attach a prepaid proof of of prepaid uh so proof of advance payment for that for that content and this balance is used to continually uh the chunks uh privatizable so basically they can be ranked based on based on the the value that that they have attached and and this priority is this prioritization is exactly what nodes need to decide what to what what content they should get rid of in the case of capacity shortage and and and the price of this rent is this can be can be modified and changed and and with this with this price change basically one can uh correct the the network's imbalance in terms of supply and demand so basically if there's too many nodes offering uh offering uh surplus storage and it's not enough uh content to store then either because of the then then the price decreases and as a consequence maybe the the the unexpected the lower revenue is incentivizes some notes to get out of the network and network shrinks or or it encourages users to to to upload more content because it's cheap to do so and and and therefore explore the surplus content and vice versa if the content if if if storage provision becomes scarce and and there's too much content to store then the price of uh of storage can go up and therefore uh it discourages new users to to to replace uh the the the the the the release storage of expired uh content or where it incentivizes uh new nodes to to come in and participate in the network as a result of of of higher higher revenue however this this this this works only indirectly and at the current implementation of the incentives because it only works through to uh indirectly through burning burning the the in payments the post system contract which is the incentivizes through through the deflation the pressure that this burning puts on the rest of tokens however if there's going to be a more direct incentivization for for minors that that's to our content by by the introduction of the postage lottery the postage lotteries is uh information to for the system that fairly allocate reallocates the postage stamp revenue and and rewards uh the the store nodes according to their contribution to to do to the global storage uh and and this is coming soon this is a very important uh milestone in your own episode so miners hang on and hang on tight this is going to be properly distribution of of in postage in health and not not just indirectly through the deflationary force and of course there's there's this further additional the layers of potential uh assurances assist resilience namely there can be future providers which are stakeholders that promise to keep to keep the postage patch live basically with the content balance positive uh basically from promise against any price change basically the future providers are are are ultimately speculators on the on the future of a business and the future price of storage uh so basically for for for a premium they would promise uploaders to give their content to life and therefore make the make expired dates more predictable for for users so this is a win-win situation and and the ultimate guarantee for for for uh for um persistence is is is what's so called the insurance which is which is the negative incentive in the sense that that uh it it is aimed at handling the the tragedy of commerce problem which is inherent in positive incentives so if it loads that store content only get uh positive rewards for for proving the the storage but but no one gets hurt when no one gets punished if one particular child disappears insurance uh basically rectifies this problem by allowing construct where announce mistake and and therefore become punishable if particular content that they promise to store will not be found and cannot be retrieved and this this provides very strong uh guarantees for for this and this is this is also coming soon but it's actually uh it's it's potentially it can be built already now in certain certain forms but decentralized way of way of doing it is this is coming coming soon i would i would imagine we did within a year this this will become possible uh um so these are these are the the pillars for foreign assistance and and i would argue that this offering is is a makes that makes the future proof nature of the project a very strong and and realistic goal and and and and and therefore also continues the potential of someone being the the the bass layer uh platform for the decentralized tribe uh now now i think that the time is right to argue that that it's not only the economic uh offering in terms of in terms of the shift of uh of course deployment cost to the users and not only the narrow waste that that contributes to swarms potential it's also the right the right primitives because because as we discussed with the dcpip example of the narrow waist it was very important that the primitives are are both simple and and flexible and expressive swarm is explicitly aiming in the future to to to provide the swamp dsl which which would ultimately serve as a secure backend by hand language and and and i i have i have the uh strong conviction that that it it has the potential to realize uh the the proper secure secure back end for for the web this currently is not existing and then [Music] the reason for that is that the the the the traditional uh [Music] is made it possible to have some security on the back-end side however this was non-transparent since since it was running one on the horse and on the device only on the application operator's computer therefore was uncheckable you can do it and nasty unexpected things and and and the the move towards client side applications uh is is is is is compounding these these two layers of backhand content and it does not serve the the the the the desired security for for my backhands and i think the swamp uh language is is ultimately providing this this delineation again uh without without compromising the the client side uh nature of of of course execution so so this this this is the idea of of uh basically introducing like this is just the tentative names but introducing the bus language which is scripting safety environment for for my free backhand and uh allowing swan to host host the application code in a kind of modular fashion so basically it's providing its own libraries and and import context so the so in other words would basically run in the swamp execution environment and would source their their code from uh via kind of sophisticated import paths through libraries pretty much the same way as as you would source the library components when you compile when you compile an application in language like like node.js or python etc oh sorry between python you don't compile but it's in the same way it's also executed so the import can be can be done in canada lazy on demand flash the main point here is that the execution environment is the the local swan clients and the and the resource the resources are come from a curated environment of these library uh libraries that that are hosting and so on for the for the want of a better name we call them ap iparis so finally i would like to mention i would like to mention a few projects that that would uh either contribute to to to this one providing like base base layer services that the projects could build on or by themselves prove that that the primitives are right and and we can we can use these two to uh to cater for high level high level needs that that that are particularly benefiting from from the decentralized infrastructure so i would like to mention foreign briefly the first one is that is the woodward swap science windows framework so software and single framework is is basically a framework to to to uh to run uh to tell their certain certain tasks and have uh have a network of nodes that provide this service in a scalable way what does this mean for example you can tender uh indexing of a database as a as a as a task and have have a decentralized service network and do the indexing of of of various sources and the substance in the framework it's basically a simple simple abstraction of how to how to formulate these these these tasks as games uh as games of of of potentially challenging the the players that that don't comply with that with the promise of providing service for example if you have a flight aggregator service then you would you would tender swap students in your game that would that would uh collectively use the use the the network of loads to to uh to aggregate that resources of like travel agents in publishing the flight offers and the flight aggregator service would degrade them so basically it's a it's an indexing task ultimately on the back end and this indexing task would be would be uh provably uh executed by a network of nodes in a trustless way so since this is there since the the correctness of their of their aggregate index can be proved to be correct or not they can be challenged against the stake and therefore the provisioners of this task can be a network of of previously not non-operating loads so nodes without having a reputation again again and trustlessly perform this task it's also nothing is still your favorite is such a basically blockchain is a judge a paradigm that allows for for us to we published standard and uh and and filed players not performing the tasks properly be challenged on blockchain um so this this this is a feature when and then i would make decent life service networks at the available at a few finger tips developers and therefore would make all kinds of protocols uh machine learning password or various computational services which would which would normally require uh extreme hardware or very sophisticated computer cluster this this scalable computation becomes available and it's it's a provision and deployment can be trustlessly and yet reliably done through the service networks uh this this this is this is this is the opposite uh the offering of the the other example is uh that kind of already proves that the swamp has the right primitives is is the maybe maybe the easiest example is to say that the signal protocol is is do a branch one because it it signal protocol basically exemplifies the de facto standard in how uh messaging is done and how how encrypted and secure messaging is done and and the way the way how has similar protocol can be redefined and so on and it shows you perfectly how the two the two communication primitives namely psf's direct nautilus messaging and feeds which is a kind of pull pull type of communication futile and this can interact and provide basically these two primitives can build up any communication modality that exists that is my claim i was first envisioned in my talk in prague in 2018 and then since then there has been various efforts to to to build that and i have to say that this is already a project called waggle which realizes the same the same basic tools and and these are basically an email email client functionality and so on uh using exactly these two primitives uh the the the other two examples and i can just cross over this is one is a video streaming which uh which would simply be uh based on the based on the recognition that that if if all assets is kind of irrelevant one one can be sure that that decentralized peer-to-peer networks are super important in in quantum delivery networks especially in the context of to make video streaming in this in this task server client infrastructure brings down and even uh reputable big cdns content distribution networks the reason why or two to peer-to-peer solutions to to to deliver low latency and video streaming and uh i i'm convinced that that that swamps uh forwarding condemning your routing is providing a perfect opportunity to to to define such a such a video streaming uh uh plugin for a full content distribution and can allow applications to to to to provide one-to-many video streaming live with with with no specific hardware requirements on the originating on the originating node and finally finally the the yeah the four is database services so basically with swap servants in the indexing and and and the very flexible ways of defining data structures and so on uh we have proven the database services where all kinds of uh indexing and then and access patterns to to data and and and data transformation missions are available to to be provided through through software sensing new games and and uh and and therefore uh two word profitable data data services available and so on proven data services are uh not only important because they're they're they they provide reliable and then but but this this fact is is also important because they are a public guarantee to challenge uh database uh service nodes so so if if if you want to combine the best of both worlds and use a beefy database engines that that do pre-recaching and very fast low latency database access their provision can also be done in a trustless way so basically they can be easily decentralized if there's a if there's a uh if there's a fallback uh provable uh data data structure behind it so so with database services it's not only data sets that can be efficiently accessed but in fact uh you can can can marry the best of both worlds and you can also fall back to the traditional database servers that that serve your data but but you don't have to contract them or rely on a particular company but but you can uh provision these uh trustlessly in a decentralized fashion so these were kind of examples of services which for example if and have swarms primitive scale can give rise to quite complex functionality that this can contribute to to to to smooth them and then complex application development so basically i would like to conclude uh today today i i argued that that uh that the swamp is basically the project of of great potential because because it's it's it provides a realistic basis for for a for uh for a platform that can realize the open open resource paradigm basically provides a scalable deployment and execution environment for for for for depth the leading infinitely scalable storage requirements uh untraceable communication component or literally habitually scalable computation resources it's it also because because of the simple and flexible primitives it's there's there's a there's a potential of of of swan provide uh swarmer acting as a narrow waste you know in the as the narrowest protocol uh serving serving the the multitude of of decentralized applications that emerge in the newly re-decentralized world by them and i also expressed uh particulars of of the incentive system and the various features of someone that contribute to it to its resilience and and and the promise that that that these uh these primitives the stories creatives and communication creatives are are indeed future proof and and due to the incentives economically sustainable the network can form and with the with the price the price setting based on uh based on usage signals with also a kind of self-regulating system which adapts incentives to the particular configuration of the ratio of demand and supply in the case of storage and as other resources and finally i i mentioned a few particular projects that can also serve to you as a the indication of our own method future vision uh some projects that that uh exemplify the the the power of swarm and and uh and you give you a good indication that that's one defines the the right primitives so that these these these projects can be well defined and using just just the simple tools that this one offers thank you for your attention i i hope i i i raised some something interesting in in using the platform and i hope that you you can all contribute to the to the to the ecosystem and and i'm looking forward to to see what whether nice applications and platform emerging on this one thanks thank you very much victor for that uh inspiring talk on the state of swarm and where we're going with it um we had some with a question from the audience uh about the current incentive system and its rewards uh the city out industries currently there uh as a node the rewards are still small but as you explained that might be resolved with the adoption of the network and the prioritization of the allocation being implemented right the deflation and price setting which is still being implemented well it's really the the redistribution that will make a difference it's currently currently the nodes uh feel that they are not rewarded in directly because they they don't get redistributed part of the part of the the impairments that that come that's the revenue that comes from the the postage stamp purchases but this will be rectified and sooner than later the this redistribution will be will be implemented by a storage lottery and the big challenge here is of course to to prevent the nodes that are that don't deserve to be paid for storage to to participate in this lottery so basically there has to be a very reliable and very uh formal formally approval uh structure that can reliably prove that that that the node participated in the storage the way that the way the network uh this prescribes and and and and those nodes that that don't do that this cannot cannot spook these proofs in any way uh this this this this challenge is is is quite uh quite uh hard but i think we expect it in at least two ways so uh expect watch this space and this is gonna come soon this is this rewards and mechanism of any performance and therefore and of course other ways of us is taking storage with direct insurance and then negative incentives are also coming which will also provide uh with actually reliable revenue stream for for miners so and of course later in the day the participating in various top signs in this service networks provide indexing services etc boxes etc we also provide the uh ways to to generate income for node operators of course this is one this is all relying on the on the uh on the optimistic assumption that these services we will prove uh useful for depths and there will be enough users to to land the income from the operators but of course this is disliked every project and i believe i believe that this will be super useful for uh services we've had uh yeah um another was we have we've had a uh talk by ilab verbin yesterday and he gave his advice to the developers that to build for the swarm of 2023 instead of the swarm at its current state as just to build forward or what it will be um what is the next feature you're most excited about yourself answers to this question so one is as as as a developer running a developer hat i'm most excited about the decent database services because that will basically bring you the features that that would make swarm uh able to believably replace web 2 applications because currently of course of course the the client side uh you compatible applications so that most of the backend calculations are also client-side executed these these of course help swarm because this one is in a serverless system so if you think same on the client side then basically that skill can operate however we all know that all kinds of like big networks like the the facebook of swamp for example would run a lot of tasks on their servers which are simply impossible to carry out uh on the on the client side and then these are not only access these are not only access to databases but also calculations and then computation and aggregate statistics and all kinds of things based on a large data set which have to be executed and without servers the the execution of these computations have to be organized in this interest fashion and then software and swindle services so exactly that so they would they would uh provide the framework to to build the same kind of complex web applications that you have currently on web 2 and server-based architecture uh to be run on one way of resetting the decentralized setting so i'm most excited about that and the other answer is as a user uh i'm excited i'm excited about uh enough i wouldn't say kind of funny that i'm excited about not noticing so on so i ideally in the ideal swarm is uh kind of desires to be seen as as the ccpip of the web 3. so the same way as my my grandmother who uses the web we never know and notice what this cpip is it's like it's it's almost like running water but you you don't care about the piping of the of the house to have water in the same way as i'm excited about reaching a stage where a swamp is is ubiquitous yet unnoticeable it's it's this is the basis of of running all these complex applications but at the to forget this one because it's ubiquitous thank you victor yeah for [Music] these answers