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dGEN1 The Hardest Hardware Wallet | Markus Haas at Pragma Prague 2025

ETHGlobalThu, Oct 9, 2025, 12:00 AM

In this talk at Pragma Prague 2025, Markus Haas introduces the dGEN1 hardware wallet from Ethos, designed to revolutionize mobile crypto security. He explains how the device implements account abstraction at the OS level, creating a seamless smart wallet experience across all apps while maintaining EOA compatibility. The presentation covers Ethos's journey from forking Android to developing secure enclave technology, the benefits of their account-abstracted EOA approach, and their vision for making crypto a first-class citizen on mobile devices. 00:00 Introduction to Markus Haas and Ethos 00:56 The mobile crypto UX problem in 2021 01:32 dGEN1 hardware wallet launch 02:09 Account-abstracted EOA concept 02:48 Bridging AA wallets with dApps 03:21 Seamless user experience benefits 03:52 Instant smart wallet setup 04:25 Solving AA fragmentation 05:01 Cross-chain gas management 05:32 Unified wallet across all apps 06:10 Open-source vision for Android 06:48 P256 secure enclave security 07:26 Invisible UX improvements 08:05 Making crypto first-class on mobile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 🇨🇿 *Pragma Prague* Pragma Prague 2025 was held on May 29th at Holešovice Market in Prague, Czech Republic and was an in-person summit for builders and leaders in the web3 ecosystem. This event was in collaboration with ETH Prague. Watch the full Pragma Prague YouTube Playlist here: ETHGlobal's Pragma series takes place in cities around the world, and is designed to be a different kind of event. Pragma is a one-stage conference with founders-only on stage, bringing together a small group of curated attendees and speakers to discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ✅ Follow ethOS X: https://x.com/EthereumPhone ✅ Follow Kartik Talwar X: https://x.com/TheRealKartik ✅ Follow ETHGlobal X: https://x.com/ETHGlobal​ Warpcast: https://warpcast.com/ethglobal Website: https://ethglobal.com YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UCfF9ZO8Ug4xk_AJd4aeT5HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Are you interested in Ethereum development and entrepreneurship? 👉 Sign up for the next ETHGlobal event: https://ethglobal.com/events 🎁 Get exclusive access and perks with ETHGlobal Plus! https://ethglobal.com/plus 📣 Want us to throw an event in your city? Tell us where! https://ethglobal.com/city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Transcript

[Music] I'd like to bring on Marcus to tell you all about Ethos. Please give him a big round of applause. [Applause] Hey everyone, thank you for coming to my talk. Uh today I'll be talking a little bit about the DJ1 which is our first hardware device and we like to call it the hardest hardware wallet. Um yeah so first of all I'll like to give some uh history about our uh project.

So we started out in uh 2021 and at the time basically the mobile user experience for crypto was really bad and um the reason for that was basically not that uh app developers or wallet developers were but they had to basically work around the permission system of Apple and Google. Basically they built up brick walls and uh it really made the whole experience very bad. And so we thought to ourselves, hey, let's just uh fork Android and uh make crypto like a really good experience on uh on an separate OS. And then we launched uh after three years of working on that OS, we thought to ourselves, hey, maybe now is the time to make our own uh hardware. And so we created the Den 1, which we launched in Pragma, San Francisco uh in October last year.

And basically what is the Dun one? It's a hardware wallet that is basically a unified platform. It has signatures, basically a signing interface on the OS level. So you basically have one signer for all apps that you run on the device. And of course, no fees or restrictions um on anything cryptoreated.

And I want to also deep dive a little bit into something that we created for the DJ1 ever since then. And we call it basically like an account abstracted EOA. Um, and we really think that it's basically the best thing to have now before uh some EIPs get uh more adopted, which I'll also get into. So, what is an account extracted EOA? Basically, um, we thought to ourselves, hey, let's use uh account abstraction because it has a lot of like super cool benefits, but the problem with that was uh you can suddenly not connect to any DAP anymore.

So like cool, I have an account abstracted wallet, but I can't really do anything uh with it. Uh especially like use any crypto DAPs. So we thought to ourselves, um hey, let's bridge the gap because basically there's this really cool EIP. It's called send wallet calls, and it actually allows you to connect an AA wallet to a webdab. And it's really cool.

Um but not many DAPs actually support it right now. And I want to actually give kudos to Uniswap because they actually shipped it. uh a week ago or so. And so what we do is basically uh take an AA wallet in the back end, but actually emulate an EOA to the developers and to the users. So as a user, you don't have to worry about, you know, bundlers and pay masters and everything like that.

You just use it as if it was a normal wallet, but you still have all of the benefits of account abstraction. So I can I'll I'll get a little bit more into that, what it enables. So number one, basically every app suddenly has a smart wallet without having to spend like hours and you know hundreds of hours building the associated you know infrastructure all the necessary code and also yeah uh every user has a smartphone from the beginning. It's not it's it's basically they start up the device for the first time and boom you have a smart wallet. Um also we're solving basically composibility and interop uh interopility of account abstraction because right now uh the current landscape of account abstraction is basically okay if I want to use account abstraction in this app it basically creates a new wallet and then I have a new wallet for every single DAP and then I have 50 watts I need to manage and I don't know are they in my browser or my phone or my UB key I'm not sure either way with this you can basically have one kind wallet on the OS level like deep in the OS level that basically any app on top just uses it.

Um also full recoverability. I mean everybody knows account abstraction is uh really cool with recoverability which um by using that is basically okay you have a hardware wallet well if you lose it you can just recover all of your assets on chain and also like you know a gas pay master. Um so you know basically you have like a a dollar account on your wallet and uh you never have to worry about gas fees anymore. Um, basically, you know, oh, there's this free momentum optimism. Everybody knows this.

You know, when you like connect your wallet and then you try to mint it and then it says like, oh, you don't have enough ETH on this chain, you're like, now I need to bridge and do whatever. And with this, you know, with more widespread account abstraction, you don't have to worry about that at all. You just like, you know, have one account for every uh chain. And really what is this all about is basically you know having not one app implementing account abstraction but having basically one account objected wallet for every app on your device. So what's the big picture here?

Basically we want to open up 100x improvements for crypto mobile. So that means you know in our best case all of our basically all of our software is open source. So in our best case actually Android takes this code from us and then suddenly everybody that has an Android device has an account structure wallet without having to think about it. So that'd be really cool, but right now they're not doing that. And um so basically also the DJ1 is basically like a whole new hardware paradigm because uh it's the first hardware wallet that uses completely account abstraction uh on the lowest level and we're basically onboarding the entire mobile ecosystem to a smart wallet.

To kind of recap, it enables every app to have account uh you know account abstraction. Also, one thing I didn't mention yet, it has hardened security because we use 43537. I think 4357 has a big upside over the new account abstraction that just got uh added in the packra update. So basically you can instead of using uh you know private key uh that uses the usual Ethereum elliptic curve you can use the P256 key which you can put into most of secure enclaves. So on our device we use 457 because we can just put the secure enclave like deep uh sorry the private key deep in the secure enclave and it never leaves that and the private key actually never touches RAM which you know security researchers here will appreciate.

Um yeah, and basically just like we're we're we're basically trying to get more people uh you know to use account abstraction. Even though when basically these devices will ship very soon, people won't notice it. And I think that's also a big thing with like technology paradigms. It's like making huge UX improvements and usability improvements without the user necessarily having to work for it. And basically our goal since the beginning since 2021 where we started was making crypto a first class citizen on mobile because back in the day it was really really bad and we thought to ourselves okay you know I think we think crypto deserves better and that's why we started uh EOS.

Yeah. Thank you for my talk. Thank you for listening. [Music]

Automatic transcript — names and jargon may be misspelled.