Ethereum Swarm Workshop - Swarm Fundamentals - Part 1 - Theory And Vision

all right welcome everybody at the swarm fundamentals uh workshop um my name is rinka i'm working with the swarm team on the daily basis as product owner and together with me i have janos and i'll show you here yeah hello hi everyone you want to introduce yourself well uh i'm a developer at the swarm team so uh working on the new um uh b implementation of the swarm client so uh mainly uh focusing on on releasing this uh product that that can be uh well widely used and [Music] to streamline the development of it right so um as i said we're really happy that you are all here and the workshop of today will be about swarm fundamentals uh meaning that we will first talk about the vision of the swarm projects like why are we building this and why do we need something like swarm and secondly uh you will all have the possibility to to work with the swarm node janus mostly will be helping there and will guide you through the basic operations of the swarm nodes downloading it starting it up and interacting with our apis and if time allows we're also going to upload a website and we're going to use the bss the messaging protocol of swarm um yeah i see here dixon from from tokyo great welcome here thanks for introducing yourself um if other people want to introduce feel free to use the chat function for that um some rules of engagement during this workshop uh we want this workshop to be as interactive as possible meaning that at any time you can i think put up your hands i don't have it myself but if you are a participant you can raise your hand and if we see that we can give you the microphone so you can talk also we have the chat function and we have a q a as a request if you have a particular question to use q a and not the chat because the q a will be easily able to to parse and and answer on that it's easier for us um some more questions things no okay then i will share my screen and open the presentation uh are you guys seeing this you know this is the wrong presentation this one all right yeah she's gonna have feedback from you are you seeing my screen yes i can all right that means everything is correct all right so the be fundamentals workshop as i said the the workshop is grossly divided in two parts uh first part is about efficient and we look at the vision of the swarm project from two angles one is what are the problems with the current architecture stack of the internet and the second one is what are the opportunities if we would consider a different architecture like swarm second part we're going to talk about swarm this will be much more practical but basically we're going to talk about what is swarm in a nutshell after that you have the opportunity to download install and run swarm and after that we're going more in detail about what is swarm and we'll talk about the distributed immutable store of chunks all the protocols that basically make up the swarm network and then as i said we're going to see if we have time to launch a website and interact with swarm using pss alright let's get started so the problems well i have a whole bunch of problems uh which is currently happening in our society we have polarization manipulation of electorates rise of populism attention farming over consumption failure to take collective active on climate change living in bubbles surveillance social isolation fake news increasing wealth gap demise of the free speech rise of new institutions more powerful than governments managed by profit-oriented molochs and increasing xenophobia so this is just a handful of i would say problems which we are currently facing in our society and i don't think any any generation ever lived without problems um these problems which i enumerate here right now however they have something in common and of course they are organized by by many different factors which is currently playing in our society but we believe that at least part of these problems is due actually to how the internet was being built up uh from the grounds not the absolute grounds which is the networking layer the tcp ip is actually pretty uh decentralized and open for everybody but the layer above that that's go to my next slides um it's basically the what well i call in the slide the fundamental internet architecture which is the client server architecture is i believe that this is at least one explanation of all the problems which we are currently seeing which i just unlisted um this is as such the internet is built as i already mentioned on the g7p ip layer and this is a layer which basically does nothing more than routing packages of information from point a to point b i can send the message to anywhere around the world and this fact that i can send the message is used by the client server architecture basically to to host websites or applications as you can see in the diagram here the server is hosting the data and the application and the client this is for example you if you go with your browser you visit google.com you make a request to the server owned and then it's by google for the main page of google.com and the server answers you with the response which is the atm html and the javascript usually containing this webpage right so this is the fundamental internet architecture well nothing wrong with that inherently if there are many servers and many clients around the world and there's somewhat of a balance between those this architecture is not wrong and and i'm also not claiming that it is it is wrong inherently i'm just claiming that right now it's the only architecture which is built on top of the tcp or the maybe not only but but the most prominent actually in the early stages of the internet uh the web looked about this you had a lot of clients a lot of servers and there was a balance between the two so in the nascents of the web and this is what we call web zero you used to have many small and independent websites those websites were usually self-hosted so as an example i would make my own homepage rink.com or rink but no because i'm from the netherlands and um on this website which is my own server it could be either my computer or it could be just raspberry pi or some similar from the 1970s uh but on this computer i really had physically i had my data hosted there and this server would respond to two questions from uh from clients so it's self-hosted and because of this because i'm hosting the server myself any data which is on this server and also the application itself is owned by me right because i own the hardware i own the application and the data often they were hobby projects because the internet was really something new at a time there was not really a business model or just gigs using cool new technology one problem of the the web one is that it couldn't cope with significant increase of the amount and that's what actually what actually were seeing that time as well um you had small websites like greek you know well in normal times i would probably have one or two visitors a day much more but disaster struck when for example lincoln pontinell was linked from another much more popular website let's say at the time there was another website which was indexing the the most famous people from the netherlands i was never never linked on this this website but suddenly uh i was linked on this website and what's more i was linked on the top of the page i was featured because i was uprising star in netherlands example well what would happen at that moment with my website is that a lot of people would visit my website and basically my small raspberry pi crashed and because it cannot cope with significant demands right that's actually a very complex problem solved by myself and whereas i would be able to you know make and hack my website together i probably wouldn't have the time or the resources or the understanding to actually make scalable web server i probably wouldn't even have the money to to buy all the hardware needed for that right all right so that's what i don't know janas do you have something to add to this story uh well uh you got all things nicely lined up here so i basically uh agree with you all right cool then we go to some some examples and i just found this online because of course i wasn't even born when all of this happened but i found an example of nsca mosaic one of the first web browsers yeah and then there's an example of an email terminal from 1971 and you see really people are playing here so um i totally did this what is this it is like an electronic version of the meals it's quite cool to see this i think all right um but the crucial message here is that uh if you analyze how web one was built and how people were using it it was doomed to change and we can reason about it of course in height signs very easily and that's what we're going to do with that so one reason it had to change was because of economies of skill so i don't know if everybody knows this term if you did a major economy probably you do but in basics what it means the bigger the better or the bigger the more profit you can make of it and there are two factors that explain this economies of skill one is the cost to operate a website grows less than linear with the amount of users it's a complex sentence but we have an example for this so this is my space uh the early social websites for for social media and if you think about it the cost to operate the website grows less than linear with the amount of users what i mean is that the cost of hosting 1000 myspace websites or myspace pages is less than hosting 1 000 personal websites right so let's say uh one thousand pages on my space maybe the cost the cost for my space to make one additional page maybe five cents i'm just making up an example here whereas if i would make a page similar like this well first of all i would probably have to do much more effort into making this i need to buy the hardware i need to figure out how i'm going to design it i need to do all kinds of difficult things so of hosting uh and their efforts but also the cost to to host it myspace can just host very you know just just hardware suitable to have 1000 websites but you can imagine that that buying one very big hard drive of one terabyte doesn't cost as much as 1 000 usb sticks of one gigabytes right so this is also an example of economies of skill yeah so that's one factor which makes the weapon doomed to change second factor is very simple bigger websites with more users are just more fun right if i have one website and i think myspace actually is an example of this i can browse through all the pages it's very easy and because of this it's more fun to have one website with 1000 profiles versus 1000 profiles scattered around websites and i cannot link them or they have all different layouts or whatever right but there's no economies of skill actually but it i mean it kind of is yeah so example is wikipedia wikipedia could have never been made by a single person and this by the way is the homepage of wikipedia when wikipedia started so i made some animations because these powers actually make servers to go down right because maybe some of those servers they basically run together all right so remember the fundamental architecture of the internet like this because the server is hosting the data and application what we're seeing oh yep okay is the emergence of data silos because of this in the early space in the early times of the internet it was not that much not as we have right now but it definitely was more of a centralization of the data and application towards the field surface or like the handful of servers which survived um so the other one uh why the web one was doomed to change is the search for a business model um you have here this oh very nice animation and this was actually the first advertisement which appeared on the web [Music] so the industry the internet industry because it was something new people saw the opportunities uh but at the same time that we're really looking for okay what business model can we make of this were many people which were telling that you know the internet is so great you can send the message to everybody around the world in less than a second but of course to sustain such an infrastructure it's important that the business model needed to emerge to expand it so in the beginning they actually were quite a lot of investments also in internet businesses but the truth is that most of them didn't know how to make business right um and the industry eventually settled on ads as a main business model well you can think about that what you want but what i personally think is that advertisements on the internet isn't the only feasible business model but it's definitely not the only business model like maybe some companies are you know will be doing very good with the advertisements as a business model but some not that what we are seeing right now is that basically uh most of the internet businesses are having advertisements as their business model and this creates all kind of strange things yeah but we're not there yet we're still at one so the industry eventually settled on ads as a main business model and adds a more effective the more you know about your users right yep all right so this is a diagram of the uh often.com bubble which was in the early 2000s and it kind of reflects i think uh the hope of people of being able to to have a very good business model on top of all this data of the users on top of all the opportunities which the web allowed but as you probably know this was merely hope and actually people found out that at this point at least no real business could be made and that's why the prices of the stock market of internet businesses crashed all right but of course people invested in those companies it was you know real money at this point was invested um so it was a real pressure of actually making the industry more efficient of making the industry profitable and one of the ways how it was done is that many smaller internet companies were acquired by bigger ones so this is also of course related to economies of skill because if you have many small internet businesses and you you manage them under one hood you are able to make to have lower infrastructure cost and on top of that you have more possibilities for earning revenue like doing an analysis of your users and advertisements basically what happens yeah so actually here is interesting to know that actually at that point in the in the early 2000s many small internet businesses who were startups they didn't even have a business model in mind just the only thing what they wanted the end goal for them was to start up a business do something cool get a lot of users and be bought by google or facebook or one of the other big business big businesses yeah so just to put it in perspective how people were thinking and just this is an example of google's new data center in the netherlands and for you it's i mean obviously it's something different than a server which is just self-hosted to host my own personal websites okay and disclaimer here uh of course i'm losing a lot of new ones in this story right uh there's many more points to look at the history of the web uh there's many more ways to to explain the the ways how how things have been changing this is just one of those um and actually later on we're going to to discuss it together to see if you guys agree or not all right so this is how my friends the internet companies became more powerful than governance they were probably not even aware of it themselves yet at this moment they are aware of it for sure we all love the internet but the internet is increasingly becoming a dark place websites are made as addictive as possible hyper targeted advertisements influence the behavior of people and the centralized client server model i think is is failing under its own success right it's time to reboot um if you're more interested in this this history which i briefly explained about here you can go to the google swarm the book of form simply is go to latest dot google swarm dot is this is hosted on gateways you go to swarm gateways.

net slash pcc double dot code slash latest one and i will paste it in the chat here here it is i think you guys have it now continue sharing my screen i definitely recommended reads the book of swarm not only about edition but also about knowing more about house form works and what are the possibilities of it's a big read but if you have the opportunity and time to to read it through it that's great all right um interactive time uh as i said uh the picture which i just sketched is it's just one of the many pictures and of course we are here with i think about 10 20 uh people who are interested in swarm and hearing about this um so actually i'll be very interested to hear from you guys to think about your first experience with web how you are using the internet nowadays did it change was there a difference between your first experience and right now and then think about the problems which i mentioned in my first slides what role do you think the internet or the architecture of the internet has played here is playing here with those problems and you can already start thinking about it and i will stop sharing my screen i'll give you access to the website to the slides so you can look it back and we will take five minutes for you guys to think about these slides write them down and afterwards we're going to take some time to discuss it amongst us and i pasted the link in the chat so you can have a look at this first exercise at slide number 38. um if you want to see again what were the problems please look at slides four slide five and then we take five minutes from now and we'll be back in five minutes yes there we are all right share my screen okay you guys are here are you all right um good so this was the first question um please don't be shy i understand the first one to speak in in such a public meeting can be a bit frightening but if somebody would like to reflect on what you wrote down here that would be great now you can put up your hands with the feature and then we can give you the microphone yep okay i see one hand [Music] panel hosts can you give brysonian project the microphone hello yeah hi this this is dixon from uh personal project so um i'm kind of the od so my first experience with the web is email icq i don't know if you heard about it it's the the chat tools and also netscape like it's not here anymore so um yeah my my first experience and um what i'm using internet for now it's like basically research for work and and watch movie hobbies and stay connected with my family and friends and the pickets change over time i would say um speeds speed and content like the more content they want to have then they increase the speed and then i think the problem class not much questions um instead of making our lives better like it's introducing more problems in the internet so like we're not doing what we're supposed to have that's all all right thank you for for sharing this um okay um does somebody want to to react on that or share your own confuse bg can have the mic the no hosts yeah okay you can mute bg i think you can talk now okay can you hear me yep welcome thank you for joining hey uh it's brendan so my first experience with computers was pre-internet actually and only my dad's computer at work was connected to the van so it was like a big thing uh and you could actually listen when i finally got internet at home you could actually listen to the sounds that the modem made so that was pretty cool um i think like apart from netscape was it netscape navigator um like that very early browser the other brush for the internet that i had was uh with in windows it came packaged with a bunch of games and one of them was like i think it was i think it was a bridge or poker one of those card games and you could actually put in an ip address of someone else running the same microsoft game and then you could play over the net and that was a that was a very interesting concept you know you could play with someone just by knowing the ipfs and brandon uh thanks for sharing that how did it feel for you you know being connected to your dad's computer where you could i don't know make a connection with the other side of the rules uh it was kind of interesting because i was young enough that i wasn't like supposed to use the phone on my myself yet like i was i think probably eight or something at the time like and we're talking about landline forms i wasn't allowed to use the landline phone in the house here so this was like a you know a covert communications channel almost so a bit exciting all right and if we reflect on the problems which i outlisted were you know what you currently feel about how the internet's developed do you have an opinion there yeah yeah um i mean like we all know that you know the i guess the the mega corpse are you know using algorithms to kind of dictate what they should show us and whatnot what not to show us um and i mean we i guess i personally had a theoretical understanding of it um for a long time uh but uh i watched this uh theme on netflix with the you know the documentary or the social dilemma and one of my favorite scenes is where this guy is kind of like uh you know just like a low poly model of him and he's like punched over like a zombie and he's just like rotating left and right flicking between different screens and then there's like three guys sort of like auctioning his attention to each other to the highest bidders yeah so like that kind of uh um yeah some cemented that uh for me you know i thought it was a pretty like you know like a punch you know like a wake-up call almost right um cool and thanks a lot for sharing this and random great you are here um okay so i would like to give the microphone to uh one other participant which is [Music] thank you um yeah so i've been using the internet for a long time i guess it was in 95-ish i started using like a very early version of you know netscape and stuff and it was like alta vista very very early days and yeah that was great i think also there were some like early irc rooms that i would uh attend at that time i was just a kid back then but yeah it was nice the all the information was like open and readily available and there were no barriers no paywalls anywhere and uh well today how i use the internet i've been trying to use the internet less or or in a more focused fashion because of these problems that we're discussing namely that i try to only use it for work or to yeah do research or um follow projects such as swarm and ethereum and yeah spend less time online and only do it in a focused way and well the change over time has of course been this attention economy where i find it difficult not to have like even when you try to access if you want to try to access youtube or something in a way that it's not super tailored to my special interest or my the filter bubble that they want to classify me to belong to it's very difficult like you have to open a new private tab in brave browser and hope that they don't identify your ip address or geo locate you somehow and well i i hope with these problems i hope that i would say that i hope it's of course it's the economics and the economic incentives are way misaligned when it comes to uh what uh what we the human race needs and wants and what the corporations needs and wants and i feel like it's almost like these mega companies like facebook and google they they they don't wouldn't even know what to pull on the handbrake even if they wanted to because these companies have become entities of their own even so yeah it's we need to do something and i hope swarm is a part of that yeah all right um thanks for for sharing that and indeed i i do agree uh when we talk about entities like google or facebook and we're angry at them like you guys should stop i i think it's not that simple uh they also managed by you know other people who have interest in them and it's it's a very complex uh complex situation all right thanks for sharing that um i see one more hand um let's do really quickly uh voitech you can join the stage and you are the last and and then we we continue all right sure thanks um well i've re i've got a computer a bit too late compared to i guess everyone else it was early 2000 uh so a lot of the stuff that you guys mentioned has only been something i've read about but um it's it's quite unique here in czech republic because uh compared to pretty much everywhere else in the world we do have a czech alternative to google which is pretty much fifty percent uh market share uh we do have also some sort of social network which is not as popular but uh as facebook but you know it is quite active so it's quite interesting here and the biggest change over time is actually i do see people leaving this kind of czech bubble of internet into something a bit more global more people are going towards google everything is becoming more and more uniform i would say and that's interesting to observe right um do you have something more to add about the problems with which you can identify or was this what you wanted to it um the well i mean the the problem that i kind of see the most here uh is that and this was mentioned in the social dilemmas i inherently don't believe that there is no intentions it's just that the incentives uh are to up to you know to maximize your uh your time on the platform and and to basically be this attention grabbing uh system and i i myself are am doubting how decentralization will improve this because every single person uh always kind of wants to well every single organization like this always wants to maximize the attention of the of the people in the platform so i just want to kind of understand how how this place uh how decentralization can help here and i hope it can all right um thanks well um i i i've been thinking about this a lot of course myself uh whether i believe that the project like swarm can can help with that um i personally think we have a chance um and the main reason being that that we offer a different architecture what we analyzed in the previous section is that that the client server model has inherently incentives which which in hindsight only could deflect to the situation which is currently unfolding of course this is easy to reason in hindsight but what i do think is that there is no viable alternative available to this architecture and i think that we at least have a chance with a different architecture to balance some of those forces and problems which you mentioned okay um good thanks everybody for participating uh i will start again my presentation and i will continue to the next section um because of course um it's it's you know really easy uh oh yeah this is the tldr um the fundamental internet architecture is is flawed uh and called inherent incentives causing mass centralization and the problems which we saw but i do think that that we should also look at a more positive constructive position to watch these problems because we can identify the problems but you know we need to do more than only identifying something and the question i can ask himself is how would the world change positively but maybe also negatively if you would consider a different architecture and and just you know for the record i'm not saying that this should be the only architecture i'm saying that that it is good to have an alternative and and not to have everything in the client server architecture so let's look at the vision of sworn projects more in opportunities and um one opportunity if you would have a network such as swarm are truly forkable applications and what do i mean with that first of all open source software and swarm is is fully open source you can see here our our license but basically this means that we publish our content in our case on github and other sources as well and anybody is free to download this software use it and modify it even without our permissions explicit permission and if you want you can even make a commercial business on top of the code which we wrote this is open source software um it allows wait yep okay so open source software allows forking and forking is a term which we use as developers but it's simply making a copy of the source code and continue the development in its own way so you see here and you can stop a pointer let's say this is the software at one point in time somebody forks it there are two copies and this copy develops in one way and the other copy develops in that way for example what we recently did for the swarm project we took the source code of a faucet this posit was developed initially by um by what was it well some other blockchain project they made a faucet from the girly network uh we also needed the forces on the girdy network but our faucet needed to not only give a handout gurney tested tokens but we also needed to hand out a girly business data consistent right so what we did we took the source code here it was still the same we made our copy and at that point there were two instances of the same code but just a bit of difference right um so what is so great about that well it allows and it creates actually a huge boot of creativity to together with with git and other ways to collaborate online it enforced a lot of collaboration but free collaboration right we could have decided at this point to collaborate with the gurley team over the guys who made it initially to to add this possibility but we figured that it's not really in their interest to do so so we forked it and we really continued our own way but actually there are real incentives to make a copy but not for kids but collaborates just on one branch uh because in that way you make one project bigger and better and and that's great it's a real great one way of collaboration so it's a lot for tinkering and then playing with the sort of course code but also very importantly commercialization and actually if you look at what amazon is doing amazon actually has a lot of their services started as a non-for-profit open source initiatives of people just making something they use themselves and amazon took it and they uh they they commercialized that um some people think it's bad and i personally think it's it's a good thing [Music] because in the end commercialization is not something bad because commercialization means we can put many more resources into making it something perfect and hence more useful but open source basically the only option which you have if you want to run an open source application you must run it on the server which is centralized right so here we have the fundamental internet architecture which we talked about before and data and application uses some open source code open source code exportable but if you have this instance of the data and application it just runs on the physical metal and the physical metal the hardware is controlled by one entity which is the server and you cannot run fork that instance just you cannot do that so you have a dependency of open source software uh which is workable known for call one second mariah could you please close the door yep all right um what if there was no dependency of forkable codes on non-forkable data and application instances it's a question which we can ask ourselves and this is one project uh we believe that with swarm this paradigm is within reach and really if you think about that it's it's great um well this was not only a rhetoric question actually um i would like you guys to to think about this and um without even knowing how swarm works um put your imagination to use right now and think what if there was no dependency affordable code or non-forkable data and application instances all right then again here i will stop sharing my screen and i would actually ask gospel not to put on music and it will be a bit easier [Music] i'll stop sharing my screen like this um and this for everybody who is also looking at the slides is slides number 55 you can go to it and you can think for five minutes for yourself about this question and afterwards we again have some interactive time okay guys i think that was five minutes um so we can start again um so the question was um what if there was no dependency of workable codes on non-forkable data and application instances so in other words uh what if the data and application instances would be workable um all right um i see uh peter put up his hand i assume that's because you would like to speak about it can somebody please give the microphone to peter yep you're here you can unmute and talk welcome uh hey everyone thank you uh i got two thoughts on this uh so first uh from the old paradigm uh workable data will give no way to own anything at all and as a consequence the importance of community will rise a lot more than it is today and second thought is more like in intuition i imagined ethereum and its data it's forkable as well [Music] so in intuition internally i think forking will be even harder to do because you will have to switch you will have to convince users to use not just new algorithm but to alter the whole data and they will not be able to communicate with an older community yeah and uh just one one last sentence and i think this thing will let us see something entirely new i yeah if you can stay on the stage uh because i would like to react on that it's the interesting thought uh which you just had about actually it will be more affordable not to you can very easily fork the data but what you're saying is that it will be much more difficult to fork the community yeah right all right so that's that's an interesting thought because basically right now if you want to fork the community you will have to put in efforts to actually make your data instance better um than what it used to be was actually the same thing what we saw with open source code so you if you want to fork a project and you want this project to become more successful than than than the main one you needed the codes to be significantly better because otherwise you would never put this and the same is is basically here so in the old paradigm uh basically there is a dictator and he decides he or she or the owner decides whatever he wants to do with the instance but in a new paradigm you would need to fork kids but if you want to also take over the community you actually need to have a better application yeah yeah okay that's interesting and and thanks for sharing uh indeed what you say is true ethereum is also an application which has workable data i didn't think about it in that way but you're correct okay thanks for sharing this thought with us um i see rodrigo uh put up the hands peter if you can mute yeah thanks thanks for joining yes i hear you yes uh hi uh well i have an opinion about this topic actually because i guess this model are this dependence exists uh because of consistence and uh performance of the system that required and this is actually a very uh difficult topic because uh for many of research and distributed systems try to solve this and how you can still ensure the consistence when uh your you know your data is not centralized more in some data uh data center and uh this is actually the interesting challenge that i'm interesting swarm like or any distribute centralized storage uh solution because uh this is the point that you can as another participant mention you can ensure that users will take control of their data and this will create a new kind of market that also can help with the privacy problems and this stuff so this is actually i guess the high point of the research that we are right now that we never had before and what is the so many challenges that we can you know try to uh explore to remove this dependence but that so far for me that exists to keep the consistence of the data when you you need it and to keep also the performance of the system overall so yeah thanks for for sharing that i agree um also i want to to highlight here is that you know the reason i'm asking this question is to them because i'm generally interested in what you guys think what's we can identify is that swarm does make such an architecture where this is possible for applications but really the the impact of that is is to be seen and this is why it's so important to talk with you guys to talk about this so we can can identify where are the biggest use cases and what's what we have to think about it okay i um want to ask something to my to banner list or people who have been involved with swarm more often because there is actually one video of danny nagi who is talking about reds about forkable social media applications i don't have time to search it right now it's somewhere in youtube but if somebody has the time to look at this video and share it with everybody that would be great because danny nagy is one of the founders of swarm and actually has a very interesting video where he talks about social media application with which is forkable the community is forgotten all right um let's go to the next question um because this is also really interesting and let's do a bit shorter here we're not giving you five minutes but maybe two minutes to think about it um the question is um what type of applications would fork would flourish on forklift data and actually you should say affordable community i think that's more or what it actually is so what type of application would floor is being a type of application where the community can be forked and what type of applications won't you can think about it and then we will talk about it again together we do two minutes right now right i think it was about two minutes uh two minutes way too short to to think about this seriously so we invite everybody after the workshop if you think these questions are interesting and you want to think about them more and you want to share your thoughts with the swarm team or to just you know think about this please do reach out to us because these are the type of questions which we think about i wouldn't say on daily basis but you know pretty often and we definitely like to to talk about this um so if you want to think about it more reach out to us um for now um we are up and i need to stop my share because i would of course like to give somebody the microphone peter and rodrigo you guys were already here let's see if somebody else wants to to chat and otherwise all right uh peter you're still a panelist so go ahead thanks so i think uh and what i would like to see is a more decentralized chats so that one database for multiple clients not a fork actually but just a guaranteed access to chats chat's database that would be awesome then games i'm not a fan of games but i think games could benefit a lot from forking data and as i'm dealing with decentralized identity i think this i think of that as well so decentralized identity and everything related to personal information if this data could be forkable and accessed in reliable and secure way that would be awesome too so this this is my these are my three thoughts examples cool thanks so about games um maybe a little anecdote um did you know that that actually featured bhutan is somewhere in one form i don't know anymore but uh but he wrote that actually one of his reasons too that he was so interested in bitcoin at that time uh is because he was adamant a world of warcraft player and at one point he got so fed up with blizzard uh pushing an upgrade and he actually didn't want his upgrade and he was so fed up with that uh and and he saw actually that's the blockchain so indeed the support data type of way would be a way how you could counteract such i would say dictatorship that's that's a little anecdote um indeed white games yeah okay cool um thanks for for sharing that um we continue because we already uh one hour in the workshop uh and we have on our left and there is like a ton of things to do um so if you could mute yourself peter and i will continue and share my screen um let's see yep here we are so yeah my personal thought on this is everything i've mentioned uh but but how i like to think about this is that i think still think that the centralized server architecture is valuable uh for example for storing personal data or for very privacy uh sensitive for things where you know it's important that application order has a bit more control but i think that anything that involves the community and be it social networks or games or anything where the community so not the owner makes makes the value i think these are the type of applications which we have to look into [Music] that will be best hosted on such things also because one interesting thing this is more of a also to this if you have um applications with forkable data what could happen for example and this is unthinkable nowadays but what could happen is you take data of your social network and you're not only and let's say company a uh starts an application has the the data on the network form and our company b takes this data and it's like okay i can make a different application on top of this so let's say we already have the social network and it just makes a game using exactly the same data so that's that's interesting because now you can interact with this data from two application instances and maybe what you're doing on the social network influences your stats on the game right so that's that's also a new paradigm shift and it opens so many opportunities [Music] all right um well swarm fundamentals and we haven't even talked about swarm up until this point so right now really isn't time uh to start talking about this and i will very briefly talk about swarm in a nutshell and then i'm going to give the microphone to yamosh and you will you know you can start using the swarm notes in half an hour i would say all right so swarming a heart in a nutshell um i like to to think about swarm as a decentralized hard disk or hard drive which is living everywhere around the rules everybody can access it everybody can write to it everybody can read to it nobody owns his hard drive we are all owning it as a swarm right uh notes and this by the way is how i'm explaining swarm to my friends if if they never heard about swarm before and they also know tech savvy then i like to explain this form like this so nodes are free to join and leave the network so anybody can become a store anybody can leave again if he doesn't like it anymore and anybody can can read really um each node and a node by the way is a computer uh that is part of this network that's running this form protocol so each node in the network is responsible for storing data pieces in a certain partition of the disk so the disk is is this hard hard drive right so basically think about the real hard drive right drive has a lot of partitions and each partition some data is stored uh if i just take with the microscope maybe on one partition of a hard disk i will probably be able to see the physical bits and bits there zeros and one being switched on and off but if i just see that i cannot make sense of what is there or the same for a node in this form network another swarm network stores chunks and chunks on them own four kilobytes big they don't mean anything it's just the collection of chunks that make up files but for the notes themselves they really cannot say uh i want to sense or i don't know the anthem of the netherlands because those notes did probably they destroyed chunks maybe some of those chunks are part of the anthem of the netherlands they probably don't even know this um and even if they knew they can sense her themselves to not serve those chunks anymore uh but there's always duplication so yeah really nothing that one doesn't have any power also doesn't have any say about which chunks is story and which one's not yeah so notes are not obligated about what is stored um if they come online chunks will be synced to them based on the partition uh they join so note that it's an address based on this address certain chunks will be sent to his local store um the network and this is actually the protocols one they take automatically care of syncing when nodes join or leave the network about redundancy so data is always duplicated around and we also use um erasure coding now but actually people working on it already and full tolerance um next one all right um so what can i do with it well basically you can write to it you can read from it just like a normal hard drive uh the physical hard drive that's basically everything you can do maybe you can can read some stats or something like this but this is what you can do with it um it's just the layers on top like the file system or i don't know the server that actually add the functionality on top of this basic reads but reading and writing are super powerful so that's you can do it it's form as well so right what happens how do i write chunk or a file to this form so the first thing if i have a file uh what i do my own computer i'm going to chunk it i'm going to to piece it up to a certain algorithm in these four kilobytes uh chunks um each trunk has an address i send those chunks to the network fire my own node and i don't have the chunks anymore myself and they are somewhere in the network at that point reading is the the opposite of that uh i'm reading a file i reference it but it's warm address i'm going to figure out which chunks are under that file i'm going to request those chunks from various spaces in the network and on my own computer those chunks have been pieced together and presented to me as a file or a website or a message but why would any node want to contribute their storage space and bandwidth to the network and i would say this is one of the most important things also from swarm because it's something public right it's public infrastructure um well basically it's it's incentives so this hard drive being there in in the public of course needs to be maintained somebody needs to have an incentive to run the node and put their their own hard drive storage at the use of the network so swarm has various clever incentives basically to do economic transfer of value from the people who want to use the network to the people who are contributing to the network we're having two types of incentives one is bandwidth incentives so if you're actually requesting something or pushing something to the network right now and the other one is storage incentives storage incentives if you want to utilize the storage space in the network is swarm in a nutshell