NEAR: One Chain to Abstract Them All - ETHGlobal San Francisco 2024

[Music] um today's agenda um if you go ahead and um all you guys in the um crowd with your uh cameras if you want to uh scan this this will just take you to a link tree um the next couple slides will have the same QR code so um yeah anytime just go there it has a link to these slides and all the resources that you're going to need um for the hacker th this week um cool so today's agenda I'm going to go over hackathon bounties going to do a little bit of an intro to near um go over chain abstraction what that means what it is um also near and AI um and go over a little bit of uh hackathon ideas to get you guys started um then of course we're going to end up with Dev resources and make sure that you guys are well equipped for Success moving forward in your project um so yeah first off hackathon bounties that are going on this weekend we got $10,000 in prizes to give out um 6,000 of it is is going to be towards chain abstraction and 4,000 of it is going to be um some way in which you're going to combine near with artificial intelligence um so yeah good luck hope you guys um yeah submit some awesome projects and looking forward to seeing them um so what is near um for those of you that don't know or haven't heard of us um in 2017 it started out as an AI development platform um they wanted to do a bunch of payouts to people helping out with this initiative through ethereum and at the time it was a little bit difficult to build on so they decided to make a quick pause for 6 months and do a layer one blockchain um but uh yeah it's been uh a little bit longer than six months to to to make that a reality um but the idea was hey we need to make this easy to use we want to make it scalable we want to make it fast um secure and also eco-friendly and uh being proof of stake so um yeah 2020 we spent 2018 and 2019 working on Main and uh we launched it um we actually yeah created a proof of stake blockchain uh certified carbon neutral a South Pole um it's sharded by Design actually down to every account is can be its own Shard um in like a future scalable um road map um right now we're about a second blockchain just a little bit over like 1.3 seconds um we're cheap 01 Cent per transaction on average and yeah over the last four years we've had 100% up time which is pretty awesome um four years in County we just celebrated our fouryear anniversary this October um and have almost a billion transactions that been processed on the blockchain um and uh yeah we've sustained about a 14 million transaction per day spikes um with some of the top apps uh in the ecosystem being on our platform so chain abstraction what is this about well it really starts kind of in the beginning before we started talking about chain abstraction um with the account model and with the account model on near there's basically like two different types of accounts that you can have um the first one is probably what you guys are all familiar with coming from ethereum uh are implicit accounts um we use a curve of uh 25519 um 64 characters and that would be like basically your public key would be your account an implicit account no need to fund that um this is an example and we do have named accounts these are kind of what sets us apart from being like um uh how we baked it in our protocol to begin with so each account um you know is more human readable um you can have alice. bob. josh. near um whatever you know you want and if it's as long as it's a near account um it's also a useful way to organize uh sub accounts so you can have say like application you know.

ls. or a Dow at my project. near and you can keep going further and further so like each one of these accounts can have sub accounts or can create sub accounts um um and the near contract actually is one contract that all the other accounts are a sub contract or a sub account from so all accounts can operate as smart contracts um and that's because all accounts are smart contracts the every single account on a platform is inherently a smart contract um it just may or may not have code uh loaded into it depending on you as a developer which you're going to be doing um so yeah it's pretty awesome all accounts are shards all accounts our smart contracts uh it's pretty crazy stuff but what I really like about our platform and I think it really is unique are access Keys um we have two types of access keys ones that people are more familiar with which is called Full Access Keys um you know standard public private key gives you full control over the account send funds do whatever you want call contracts create accounts add remove Keys uh Etc the other style that we have are called limited access keys and these Keys um um they can only sign contracts calling a specific contract or you can make it multiple contracts you basically can like kind of scope your key um and give it permissions based on what you want that key to do um and it cannot manage funds it can't create sub accounts and it can't delete accounts um so it's very limited in what it it uh can do but it is meant to be shared and people might think keys are meant to be shared this is a little scary for me uh but yeah you can create a key share them with application and then have them sign transactions for you uh on your behalf um this is a a funny meme I saw a while ago um and uh yeah basically this person every time they want to shoot uh a player they have to log in with metamask okay sign a transaction crap okay crap now I need to re lug in again and yeah it's it's a little bit over the top for sure but um with limited aess limited access Keys you can create a key give it to the application or the game that you're playing and then it will kind constantly create these transactions behind the scenes and would have to redirect you to wallet every time we have a few of these examples where like a near place where you can draw pixels on the actual um uh canvas and every pixel you draw is a transaction but you don't have to sit there and and deal with this of constantly being redirected it's just signing these transactions for you and you can trust that they're not going to be uh Financial transactions um so yeah limited access keys can only call specific methods on a contract but you can uh have contracts do everything in account can so if you wanted to give someone an access key that calls a method on a contract you could actually write in your smart contract a certain method that could do you know something a full you know a full access to to an account code um so kind of opens up your um mind a little bit of like what the potential um is and you know what you can accomplish so like what if you create a method that actually transfers fungible tokens or nfts um you can easily drop assets to your users um what if you create a method that creates new accounts allow people to easily create their own accounts um so it's kind of just giving you a little bit of idea of like how you can use access keys on our platform another area in chain abstraction would be meta transactions um should a lot of you guys have heard about meta transactions uh on our platform uh we have a built-in system to wrap transactions and delegate covering their fees so basically if like say anna. near wants to create a transaction and they want to execute it um they would wrap it with this delegate action action message um they would sign it offchain and then send it to a relayer and then the relayer is going to take that it's attach tokens to it and send it to the network on their behalf um but yeah the network executes it just as it were anodot near transactions so developers can pay for transactions and delegate them um for others so that way their users don't have to worry about you know crypto onboarding or anything like that and just do transactions on their behalf which is pretty cool um chain abstraction in chain signatures excuse me this is something I'm really stoked about it's really interesting and having a lot of fun playing around with it and uh I'm really excited um about the potential that we have with chain signatures um basically what chain signatures are is it allows one near account a single near account that can pretty much can control almost infinite amount of accounts across many chains and how is that possible well first you'll have your one account and then it's going to take that account and it'll derive like a unique address um uh a unique address for whichever chain that you're trying to um uh send a transaction or transact on um then you create a payload whatever the transaction or payload or action that you want um to have signed so you take your account get uh get an address you construct your transaction or payload then you're going to call what's called an NPC contract multi-party computation contract um that's not the service itself it's just the contract that's going to call the service um and then the MPC contract receives this call and it yields on our platform smart contracts can hold off can wait uh it's an asynchronous nature so it's a little bit different to than ethereum um where the you know smart contract will spin up run a routine spin down but it doesn't have to sit there and wait for all of the other um you know promise chain to to resolve before it before it spins back down so you have to deal some callbacks and stuff we'll get into that another time or feel free to ask me about it later um but yeah the NPC contract will receive a call wait for response once it has the response from the NPC node the NPC node is sitting there listening for it captures the request signs a transaction uh and then it returns it um so now it can now be relay out to whatever Network it was and um to kind of go through it a little bit more you have Anna here on the leftand side wants to sign in a transaction on ethereum it asks to sign the transaction U by calling a function call to this MPC contract right here and mean meanwhile the NPC service is actually listening for event and it says oh I just see that this event was called um something was called to NPC contract at near so what it does is it captures this request and then there's a um decentralized node service that reconstructs it doesn't actually reconstruct the key at all but it creates the signature the the the key never actually even exists so it's Totally Secure these independent nodes sit there and um verify and construct the signature and return the signature to the contract takes that contract and it returns it back to the user and then after that user has now this signed contract they can relay it to bitcoin ethereum um salana whatever you know Network that you want to um transact on and we'll do a demo of this in just a second um but yeah chain signatures you don't need to manage Keys across any platforms you just have one that you log in and use um yeah basically one near account can nearly infinite amount of ethereum accounts or any kind of evm accounts you can control um One near account almost infinite Bitcoin accounts and so on and so forth salana do Doge Etc um yeah requests are made on chain any account can make requests even smart contracts so if you want to write a smart contract that then calls the MPC contract and you know do a bunch of cross train uh cross contract calls um to create something cool um yeah you're able to do that so let's moment of truth let's do a live demo see if this will work and uh I mean it should but you know the live demo GS you never know how they are going to treat me and especially with the Wi-Fi Okay cool so um this is basically an application um in again in the the slides that I shared with you um there's a link to this repo and in that repo on the upper right hand side there's a a live website where this is live so what I'm going to do is I'm going to log in with my wallet I am going to use meteor wallet I'm going to connect cool now I'm in and what it's doing is um basically this address here is the address that it's deriving from um the the step you're going to have to do here and we should put in this example is that you're going to have need to fund your initial ethereum address with some testet eth uh which is a little bit harder to get these days um um but yeah get some testad eth fund like once you log in here you're going to have to fund your ethereum account and basically what this account is is it's like it's concatenating your user ID and whatever string you want to put in here like I could put ethereum 3 or I could put ethereum 2 or I could just put let's say eth 2 whatever you want it'll create a unique address or a unique um yeah unique address for the ethereum network um that I can transact with so right now I have ethereum one which is my first account and I do have it funded yeah with 09 eth Okay cool so I'm going to want to send it let's send it to another account though that I can actually control so let's do ethereum let's say cuz I was already messing around with this online let's let's just do eth to and that'll give me this address and you can see down here my balance is nothing so we'll go ahead and I'll copy this address I'll take here I'm going to sque a little scratch pad over here I'm going to take this this will be my eth to address um cool so now I can go back to one I'm going to grab this ethereum address I I'm going to uh paste it here and then I'm going to send 0.001 I should just do 01 because again that eth that test out eth is very valuable um 01 eth okay cool we're going to request the signature so now what it's doing is it's sending it's asking that question over but before it does that it's going to ask my wallet hey do I approve this transaction I'm going to say yep I'm approving it and then it's going to go through this chain of events right now it's signing the transaction um now it's sending it over over to the multi-party contract now the nodes are waiting hearing for this um transaction awesome cool that's actually quicker than I thought it would be um returns this transaction cool now we're ready to relay it all right let's relay this transaction a the transaction has been reverted by the evm oh man all right going to try one more time the live demo Gods I swear this was working all night last night and all this morning and right before this event right before actually I stepped on the stage it was working ah man it always does this and I'm online live and everyone's watching me in the audience sweat up here oh my God all right again it's requesting this transaction we should also update this front end um so that way it not only just relays the transaction um I'm sorry not relays it uh um asks me to relay it again rather than trying to do it all over again oh you know what actually let's see if it's the amount of ethereum that I added cuz I feel like maybe I was being stingy with my eth and it was getting cranky at me all right one more time one more time I swear this works we're going to do it one more time we got just a couple more minutes left all right we're going to prove it come on you sign the transaction at least the service is working where it's signing it for some reason the relayer is just un unable to relay it but if it doesn't work this time we we we'll keep moving forward and I swear it will work and I'll show it to you guys after the cameras are off and and then it'll work all right so let's relay ah ah it doesn't work okay I swear this works I swear it does um you know and and sometimes it doesn't really you know it it just you know that that's how it happens anyway I was going to show show you uh multip oh I know wait a minute oh duh I don't have any eth there I did eth one oh that it's me user error was it pepc problem exists between keyboard and chair or something I think it's me it's an old it joke oh I don't think I had money there I think this is all me all right do we have my address okay we do all right let's just edit all this out on YouTube please let's just let's just pretend we didn't watch this I know my brother's watching right now he's like I want to watch you on I'm like why are you doing that you're making me nervous he's watching right now watching me sweat and like fail you know it was all my fault I think it's yeah I think the evm was rejecting it because I didn't have any eth in that address because I changed the the string ah come on relay the transaction please oh oh oh it's in reject me right away we should have some better air handling hey Bounty if you want to you want to get some better air handling on my demo oh my God I think it's going to work I think it's going to work yeah see and that was all me man they're going to fire me uh anyway yay successful there it worked cool so yeah now we have 0.

001 eth on that um ethereum address um and yeah we could keep it going we could take that you know that was going to be more of the demo but I don't have time probably now which would be now I could take the ethereum from that account and I could do all right let's do ethereum 5 and um yeah if I did eth let's see two I think that's where I sent it to was it eth two yeah cool there's my balance right there so yeah anyway it's pretty cool you can just pretty much have an infinite amount of ethereum addresses in transact using near One account to rule them all kind of um and do a bunch of different things which I think is pretty dope all all right let's get back to the presentation nice and safe over here in the Slidel land uh my cooworker did a gif and I did not do a gif I decided it's ethereum uh Global you guys are all hacking I should get up here and do things um on the uh on the live so I did it let's see all right we did access Keys we did this we did a demo cool um yeah live demo all right let back to the slideshow so yeah chain obstruction ideas what could you do do with this well you could build a smart contract that triggers transactions in any AVM uh I could build a dow like on near and then like proposals or maybe the something happens it could trigger an action on ethereum you could buy an asset or change parameters on a contract um you could link cross-chain evm accounts to an nft could be sold on nft marketplaces could like group them all up you could have like one account that has access to a bunch of different nfts and maybe sell that as like a grouping um but yeah you could build an app that creates link drops um drop assets on other evm chains I mean there's really a lot of really awesome potential here that hasn't really even been tapped into yet and I'm really excited to see what people like you guys are going to be doing uh for the hackathon and and Beyond cool so that's that um we also have another bouncy like I said with near and AI um this is going to be um yeah basically what what n's trying to do with AI like again we started in 2017 as AI pivoted for 6 months been a little bit longer came back um now doing AI again what does that mean and basically like the vision and it's the same vision as it was with the protocol it's like we want to um uh enable self-governance we want to enable self- ownership you know you own your data you own your assets you own everything and we're seeing with AI it's like okay I'm sending things to the cloud am I owning that where are they training that data on where is that stuff going um so yeah it's a little concerning and basically yeah we just want to um own our own data and you know we got some Alpha that's going to be coming out pretty soon um but yeah for you guys not necessarily on what we're building but we want to hear what you guys like take Ai and near and put it together um build a project where near is powered by AI or build a project where AI is powered by near either or it's pretty much open-ended what you guys can think of an autonomous agent contract blockchain think about smart contracts make decisions on AI models how could you combine near an AI uh to create a decentralized finance um there's a demo here we can link to I'm running out of time due to my due to my uh uh demo but um again these slides are available for you check out this demo it's using GPT and a smart contract on our platform um all sorts of ideas that you could have for it there's a Showcase of AI projects being built on here check it out on YouTube some developer resources and then next steps for you um yeah if you have no idea what you're doing like me um just come on talk to me I'll figure we'll figure it out together here's all the resources you need scan that it gives you the link give you docs de portal online support um come see us at the booth I'm around hanging out um yeah that's it thank you appreciate it all right bye [Music]