DC Posch I Cross L2 with Intent Addresses with Daimo I Pragma Bangkok 2024

[Music] without further Ado let's welcome our next speaker and that's DC who's a co-founder of Dao and we're going to talk about L2 intend addresses and as a new way to think about how to make payments across different networks so please give DC a big round of [Music] applause up all right perfect uh welcome everyone hope everyone had a good dinner perfect um oh all right it's on either side of me that works that's great uh we're going to talk today about a new primitive that we've been working on and share some of what we've been cooking and uh it's something that uh we're pretty excited about because I think that it lets you do some really nice user experiences on ethereum right um like a lot of things uh about the uh underlying technology have just gotten enormously better we have one cent 1 second transactions now um you know if any of you were like at uh you know Liam's talk yesterday you saw him talking about like stable coin proliferation there's amazing things happening there um but the actual user experience is still not so great let's take a look at that so we're going to talk about what's the problem we're going to talk about some of the sort of Prior work that inspired what were uh intent addresses and then we're going to talk about this this new primitive which is intent addresses uh towards the end we're going to show you a demo of of those in action and what they feel like uh and we'll have a bonus round I'm going to try to keep this kind of interactive and have some time for questions as well so what's the problem problem is something that probably many of you have seen um experienced um raise your hand if you have used Market before nice actually that's a that's a great fraction all right uh raise your hand if you've ever seen a UI that says something like send this coin on this chain uh anything else might be lost okay that should be a superet of that perfect yes um and it looks something like this okay send select polygon not polygon ckm evm or you may lose funds um and it goes to this challenge that you know probably Many Of You' experienced you've also seen like people talking about it at conferences a lot oh we have roll of fragmentation we need chain abstraction we need things to fix this this is this nice line from a recent vitalic article where he's talking about the idea of one ethereum um but I think what makes what what makes us really excited about intent addresses the thing we're going to talk about today is all like things that work right now there's a lot of sort of forward-looking fix for this General problem um you know uh from chain specific addresses to uh wallets that have uh bridging built into them those things are all nice we're going to show you something today that lets you fix this problem uh with existing wallets and even with custodial apps like you know lemon or binance or coinbase so very briefly let's touch on universal accounts uh and sort of the the road that got us here so there's this idea of okay an EA works on every chain uh something like a NOA safe might not by default uh if any of you remember the winter mute hack from two years ago uh there was that that moment where they uh had a NOA safe that was not yet deployed on a new chain but they received uh you know big transfer to that address and and that ended up poorly um and there's these things that people have been sort of that broadly like the ethereum R&D world has has been working to fix this that center around create 2 and 4337 where you can make an a single address that works on every chain that's sort of what inspired where we're about to go how many people here uh have heard of create to nice mostly on that side okay great uh create 2 is a mechanism that lets you commit to an a contract on ethereum so it lets you create an address that only one specific contract can never be deployed to that address and it lets you know what that is ahead of time and it gives us some really powerful options so we're going to talk a bit about about what we're going to do with that next so like uh an intent address lets you accomplish arbitrary actions on ethereum just by sending funds and so just like in that case with the universal accounts where it's like we're going to use create to to have you know the same contract on every chain and you know historically people been mostly think about those kinds of things for account abstraction accounts wallets things like that we can actually take that one step further and say we're going to make something that's very general where you can actually accomplish any action on ethereum just by creating an address that's sort of an any chain address and you send funds to that address and it does what you want it to do and we're going to we're going to see in just a bit that lets you achieve some really nice ux as well so you have a single transfer from you know it could be a uh wallet like metamask it could be a custodial app like coin baser lemon uh into an intent address and then just by sending that you trigger any number of things so we have the example earlier of a deposit into poly Market we have swapping bridging we have arbitrary contract calls so we're going to take a quick look at what this this feels like and how it works so the first case is the simplest cases like okay how do you make something happen just by sending to an address so in this example we're transferring some uh you know usdc into an intent address and then the contract that we're committing to the only contract that can be deployed at that create to address it's constructed in such a way that any relayer can come in permissionless and you know make a specific call so in this case for example like go and Min an nft and use that funds in the address to pay for that and so it can only do that one thing we can take this further though so actually one last thing before we take it further just for that like this is already like a big ux benefit and uh what what it does is instead of having the flow that You' probably seen a lot of times where you end up going from a Dap to a wallet twice once for an approved like tokens uh call and then once to do whatever it is you wanted to do um you can shorten that to one round trip where it's just a transfer and for things like uh you know uh coinbase or or binance it makes it possible to uh deeplink directly into those apps and say like uh hey open this you know custodial app make this transfer and then just by the user in both cases it's an experience that's a bit like uh you know Google pay or Apple pay or anything like that they get one popup they say yes and then after that it's done so how does this help this idea of one ethereum so we can make intent addresses that let you achieve like a goal on on any Chain by sending funds from a different chain how does that work so in this case you're transferring you know funds into the intent address and the intent address like encodes the parameters of like the action you're trying to take including the destination chain so if you're calling function on that contract it knows that you're not on the destination chain yet and the only thing it will let you do is you know uh Swap and Bridge and send the like the funds that are in in that address into a bridge initiation so for example let's say that we had one that is a uh like a deposit into poly Market but you're paying from optimism this time so what you can do there is you know say it's a $100 deposit uh what this intent address would encode is like the relayer can say whatever swaps that they want to do anything that they want to do with the assets that are in that add address and as long as that produces 100 usdc that go into a cctp bridge um and then on the other side on the destination chain that bridge is going to complete it's going to land in the intent address and it's going to uh and you can call that same so this is the same intent address the same contract but now on the destination chain it knows it's on the destination chain it knows block that chain ID and here it's going to let you do the the final action so this is cool this is very general it lets you do like you know sort of chain abstraction with nothing more than a transfer the only problem with this it is is it's still slow you can see cctp takes about 20 minutes and so you have this nice any chain any coin experience but it takes takes a while so we have a mechanism to fix to to fix this as well using uh an estro contract so how do we do fast finish how do we do claim so same exact action on the source chain but this time on the destination chain the relayer is going to go through an escro contract and say hey I'm finishing for this particular intent address it's going to arrive later in 20 minutes but I'm just going to do it right now and the estro contract is going to mark that relayer as having paid and then 20 minutes later when the you know ccdp arrives it goes into that same intent address the intent address is going to forward it to the escro the escro is going to check hey did anyone go and fast finish this before and if they did then instead of going to the Final Destination because that's already happened earlier it goes to pay back the relayer so we have this thing that I think is a really elegant sort of construction and what does it give you it gives you better ux it gives you better interoperability and it gives you something that is uh permissionless let's touch on that last point a little bit so one way that you can do a very similar user experience that is kind of cheating uh you can allow uh users to just send funds to say an EA that you know some chain abstraction relayer service controls um and so you know in the poly Market example hey send me $100 worth of any token on any chain and then I'll immediately go and complete the action that you want over here on polygon and then I'll just settle out on the back but this has you know regulatory issues it has uh you know counterparty risk uh and uh you have uh you know a trusted custodian um the I think the magic of intent addresses is it lets you accomplish that same exact ux but uh non-custodial um and when you're sending funds to an intent address there's only one specific thing that those can be used for so let's do the demo so here's two places where we've deployed this uh how many people here have heard of small brain games one okay that's cool all right um yeah small small brain games is fantastic um they're they're very small like game development Studio but they do a lot of like really fun sort of inventive experiences on ethereum so they made this thing uh you know uh recently called tomorrow. newws that lets you predict tomorrow's New York Times headline and then uh people end up getting paid out it's a prediction Market on that in proportion to how close they were um so we built a like uh any chain any coin deposit into that so those was contracts on base but it was something where you could type in a prediction hit go and then pay that from from from any token um here's the second thing that we did and I'm going to show this as like a video demo so uh some of our friends at ethereum OS Freedom Factory they made a new kind of Hardware wallet that has some really nice properties and they did a pre-sale for it or a a pre-order for it rather um so let's say that you want to pay for this on any uh let's let's say you want to pay for this but you don't have tokens on base what does that look like here's a quick demo of intent addresses so we're going to pre-order a dgen one which is a new hardware wallet made by Freedom Factory if I click any crypto can see that we see all of our balances across all chains let's pick eth on optimism ticker is eth we'll send that through and then very shortly after we should get this payment completed um and if I go here and check out we can see that it pipelined that transfer through into a contract call over on base that's all we've got man that's a weird experience listening to to my voice from the big speaker like that that's funny uh but yeah you can see that this is very fast and one other thing if you were looking closely you can see that there's only one wallet popup uh this is actually espcially important on mobile where uh you know on desktop at least it's a popup uh but on mobile it ends up switching you from whatever app you're in over into a wallet app uh on iOS you have to switch yourself back there's no way to do it automatically then if you have to do that whole round trip a second time uh you know it gets to be an experience that's just like marketly worse than like a lot of the web two experiences and uh so this fixes that gets it down to one round trip let's talk very briefly about bonus stuff so uh we have you know intent addresses are sry gasless overun the destination chain gasless with whatever you're doing uh with permit we can additionally make them gasless uh on the source chain so we can make it so that for example uh if you have just usdc and nothing else then you can just sign a single message uh and the relayer does everything else and you end up okay you placed your poly Market bet once this is a bit more Lindy once the ideas so we have this right now this is like a new and exciting thing and we we just shipped uh an implementation of it I think it's a general idea that that you know like people can reuse and once there's been like enough sort of like mileage on this idea we have a nice opportunity I think to turn this into an ERC that gives you a beautiful Progressive ux where uh if you have for example a wallet that supports this ERC and understands it it can show you exactly what the intent is doing like oh actually you're sending some funds to uh ongard adth over on optimism when what you're doing in like immediately is actually a transfer here over over here on base and it has you know a nice fallback which is a a wallet that doesn't support this yet we'll just show it as a transfer to an address um and lastly we have this idea of self-destruct so uh this is a bit more deeper in the weeds but if any of you are familiar with the lore and sort of the story of self-destruct it was a problem op code for a long time uh it had a gas refund at one point that was removed because it caused problems but at this point self-destruct has actually been minimized to where it only works within a single transaction basically it's a way that lets you do ephemeral contracts at this point where you can create a contract self-destruct it later in that same transaction and so as far as we can tell all of the reasons to not have that gas refund no longer apply and it'd be really nice to have that refund back because you know for things like intent addresses they're e we only each intent address rep represents a single deposit checkout action and then after that it's gone and so uh with self-destruct we can clean up after ourselves and not pollute the state tree and that's all we've got [Music]